# Living in Warsaw, Poland

> Open, sourced figures for Warsaw: take-home pay, monthly costs, who may live there, climate, air, safety and health. Figures as of 2026-11-05. Canonical page: https://borgo.abcastor.com/city/warsaw-pl/

## Key facts

- Warsaw has about 1,702,139 residents (GeoNames).
- On a gross salary of PLN 260,000 a year, an employee in Warsaw takes home about PLN 160,929 a year (PLN 13,411 a month) after income tax and employee contributions, an effective rate of 38.1% (Poland 2026 rules).
- In Warsaw the average daily high (air temperature in the shade) peaks at 25.6 °C in July and the average daily low falls to −1.8 °C in February (Historical weather (ERA5 reanalysis), Open-Meteo, 2021-2025).
- Warsaw has about 40 nice days a year, days that are dry, mostly clear and feel 18 to 30 °C on average from 8 am to 8 pm, most of them in August (10) (Historical weather (ERA5 reanalysis), Open-Meteo, 2021-2025).
- Between 2021 and 2025 the air in Warsaw reached 35.7 °C at its hottest and −19.0 °C at its coldest (Historical weather (ERA5 reanalysis), Open-Meteo).
- It rains or snows (at least 1 mm) on about 134 days a year in Warsaw (Historical weather (ERA5 reanalysis), Open-Meteo, 2021-2025).
- The shortest day in Warsaw lasts 7 h 42 min and the longest 16 h 47 min (computed from latitude).
- Fine dust (PM2.5) in Warsaw averages 14.7 µg/m³ a year, 2.9 times the WHO guideline of 5 µg/m³ (WHO Ambient Air Quality Database v8.0 (2026), World Health Organization, 2024).
- Everyday prices in Poland sit at 54.9 on an index where the United States is 100 (World Development Indicators, World Bank, 2025).
- Life expectancy at birth in Poland is 78.4 years (World Development Indicators, World Bank, 2024).
- Poland records 0.80 intentional homicides per 100,000 people a year (World Development Indicators, World Bank, 2023).
- Besides citizens of Poland, citizens of 29 other countries under EU and EEA free movement and of Switzerland (Swiss-EU free movement) can live and work in Warsaw without a visa.

## Take-home pay (Poland, 2026 rules)

| Gross a year | Take-home a year | A month | Effective rate |
|---:|---:|---:|---:|
| PLN 130,000 | PLN 92,580 | PLN 7,715 | 28.8% |
| PLN 260,000 | PLN 160,929 | PLN 13,411 | 38.1% |
| PLN 440,000 | PLN 263,026 | PLN 21,919 | 40.2% |

Employee, one employer, tax scale: PIT with the tax-free amount and standard work costs (and the youth relief under 26), social insurance (ZUS) and health insurance; joint filing for married couples. Sources: [podatki.gov.pl: PIT tax scale (stawki i limity)](https://www.podatki.gov.pl/podatki-osobiste/pit/stawki-i-limity), [Dz.U. 2026 poz. 592: PIT act, consolidated (art. 22 ust. 2 work costs, art. 30h solidarity levy)](https://api.sejm.gov.pl/eli/acts/DU/2026/592/text.pdf), [Dz.U. 2026 poz. 199: social insurance system act (arts. 16 and 22, rates and split)](https://api.sejm.gov.pl/eli/acts/DU/2026/199/text.pdf), [ZUS: annual limit of the pension and disability base, 2026](https://www.zus.pl/baza-wiedzy/skladki-wskazniki-odsetki/wskazniki/roczna-podstawa-wymiaru-skladek-na-ubezpieczenia-emerytalne-i-rentowe-od-1999-r), [Dz.U. 2025 poz. 1461: health care benefits act (art. 79, 9% health contribution; art. 81 base)](https://api.sejm.gov.pl/eli/acts/DU/2025/1461/text.pdf).

## A month on the reference profile

Assumed: one person, €60,000 gross a year, a one-bedroom home, everyday spending of €1,200 a month in Lisbon scaled by each country's price level.

- Take-home pay: PLN 13,590
- Rent: not known (no open rent data yet)
- Everyday spending: PLN 4,470
- Health care, out of pocket: PLN 107
- Left each month: not known

## Who can live and work here without a visa

- Citizens of Poland
- Citizens of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czechia, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway (EU and EEA free movement; source: [Directive 2004/38/EC and the EEA Agreement](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2004/38/oj))
- Citizens of Switzerland (Swiss-EU free movement; source: [Agreement on the Free Movement of Persons (EU-Switzerland)](https://www.sem.admin.ch/sem/en/home/themen/fza_schweiz-eu-efta.html))

## Climate (Historical weather (ERA5 reanalysis), 2021-2025)

| Month | High °C (air) | Low °C (air) | Lowest °C | Highest °C | Nice days | Wet days | Daylight |
|---|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|
| Jan | 2.9 | −1.5 | −19.0 | 16.7 | 0 | 14.8 | 8 h 12 min |
| Feb | 4.6 | −1.8 | −15.3 | 16.9 | 0 | 11.2 | 9 h 47 min |
| Mar | 9.4 | 0.4 | −6.8 | 24.4 | 0 | 10.4 | 11 h 48 min |
| Apr | 13.6 | 4.3 | −5.0 | 28.4 | 1 | 12.0 | 13 h 54 min |
| May | 18.9 | 8.6 | 0.6 | 28.4 | 3 | 9.4 | 15 h 46 min |
| Jun | 24.4 | 13.9 | 5.2 | 34.1 | 9 | 10.4 | 16 h 45 min |
| Jul | 25.6 | 16.0 | 10.6 | 35.7 | 9 | 13.6 | 16 h 15 min |
| Aug | 24.9 | 15.3 | 9.2 | 34.1 | 10 | 13.0 | 14 h 37 min |
| Sep | 20.6 | 11.4 | 3.2 | 30.1 | 8 | 8.0 | 12 h 33 min |
| Oct | 14.1 | 6.6 | −0.5 | 24.7 | 0 | 11.4 | 10 h 28 min |
| Nov | 6.7 | 2.0 | −6.0 | 15.3 | 0 | 9.2 | 8 h 40 min |
| Dec | 3.1 | −0.9 | −12.9 | 13.0 | 0 | 10.6 | 7 h 43 min |

Nice days: dry, mostly clear and feeling 18 to 30 °C on average from 8 am to 8 pm. Lowest and highest: the extremes of 2021-2025.

## Every figure

| Figure | Value | Period | Level | Source | Licence |
|---|---:|---|---|---|---|
| Childcare fees, one child | PLN 3,125 a year | 2026 | Poland-wide | [OECD Tax-Benefit Models: net childcare costs](https://www.oecd.org/en/data/indicators/net-childcare-costs.html) | OECD terms for data (any use, with citation) |
| Childcare fees, two children | PLN 9,916 a year | 2026 | Poland-wide | [OECD Tax-Benefit Models: net childcare costs](https://www.oecd.org/en/data/indicators/net-childcare-costs.html) | OECD terms for data (any use, with citation) |
| Childcare, net of support: couple, one child | PLN 3,125 a year | 2026 | Poland-wide | [OECD Tax-Benefit Models: net childcare costs](https://www.oecd.org/en/data/indicators/net-childcare-costs.html) | OECD terms for data (any use, with citation) |
| Childcare, net of support: couple, two children | PLN 7,545 a year | 2026 | Poland-wide | [OECD Tax-Benefit Models: net childcare costs](https://www.oecd.org/en/data/indicators/net-childcare-costs.html) | OECD terms for data (any use, with citation) |
| Childcare, net of support: single parent, one child | PLN 3,125 a year | 2026 | Poland-wide | [OECD Tax-Benefit Models: net childcare costs](https://www.oecd.org/en/data/indicators/net-childcare-costs.html) | OECD terms for data (any use, with citation) |
| Childcare, net of support: single parent, two children | PLN 7,545 a year | 2026 | Poland-wide | [OECD Tax-Benefit Models: net childcare costs](https://www.oecd.org/en/data/indicators/net-childcare-costs.html) | OECD terms for data (any use, with citation) |
| Out-of-pocket health spending | US$326 a year per person | 2024 | Poland-wide | [World Development Indicators](https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators) | CC-BY-4.0 |
| Paid holiday by law | 20 working days a year | 2026 | Poland-wide | [Paid holiday by law, from the labour codes cited](https://github.com/ABCastor/borgo/blob/main/src/fetch/family.ts) | CC-BY-4.0 |
| Public holidays on working days | 8 days a year | 2026 | Poland-wide | [Nager.Date public holidays](https://date.nager.at/) | MIT |
| Paid leave for mothers | 40.3 weeks at full pay | 2025 | Poland-wide | [OECD Family Database: parental leave systems (PF2.1)](https://www.oecd.org/en/data/datasets/oecd-family-database.html) | OECD terms for data (any use, with citation) |
| Paid leave for fathers | 8.3 weeks at full pay | 2025 | Poland-wide | [OECD Family Database: parental leave systems (PF2.1)](https://www.oecd.org/en/data/datasets/oecd-family-database.html) | OECD terms for data (any use, with citation) |
| Price level | 54.9 index, US = 100 | 2025 | Poland-wide | [World Development Indicators](https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators) | CC-BY-4.0 |
| Wet days | 134 days a year | 2021-2025 | city | [Historical weather (ERA5 reanalysis)](https://open-meteo.com/en/docs/historical-weather-api) | CC-BY-4.0 |
| Sunshine | 2,227 hours a year | 1991-2020 | city | [Meteostat climate normals](https://dev.meteostat.net/) | CC-BY-4.0 |
| Fine dust (PM2.5) | 14.7 µg/m³ | 2024 | city | [WHO Ambient Air Quality Database v8.0 (2026)](https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/themes/air-pollution/who-air-quality-database) | WHO terms for data compilations (public-health use, unaltered values; not CC BY) |
| Homicides | 0.80 per 100,000 | 2023 | Poland-wide | [World Development Indicators](https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators) | CC-BY-4.0 |
| Life expectancy | 78.4 years | 2024 | Poland-wide | [World Development Indicators](https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators) | CC-BY-4.0 |
| Life satisfaction | 7.7 of 10 | 2025 | Poland-wide | [OECD Well-being Database (How's Life?)](https://www.oecd.org/en/data/datasets/well-being-database.html) | OECD terms for data (any use, with citation) |
| Research output | 1,860 works per 100k residents | 2025 | city | [OpenAlex institutions](https://openalex.org/) | CC0-1.0 |
| Research output per resident | 51 of 100 | 2025 | city | [OpenAlex institutions](https://openalex.org/) | CC0-1.0 |
| Universities and colleges | 64 organisations | 2026-10-27 | city | [Research Organization Registry](https://ror.org/) | CC0-1.0 |
| Research institutes | 88 organisations | 2026-10-27 | city | [Research Organization Registry](https://ror.org/) | CC0-1.0 |
| Founders Running Club | no chapter | 2026-10-27 | city | [Founders Running Club communities](https://foundersrc.com/communities) | Public listing (facts of presence only; no licence stated) |
| Coworking spaces | 18 within 10 km | 2026-10-27 | city | [OpenStreetMap via the Overpass API](https://www.openstreetmap.org/copyright) | ODbL-1.0 |
| Climbing gyms | 17 within 10 km | 2026-10-27 | city | [OpenStreetMap via the Overpass API](https://www.openstreetmap.org/copyright) | ODbL-1.0 |
| Public swimming pools | 33 within 10 km | 2026-10-27 | city | [OpenStreetMap via the Overpass API](https://www.openstreetmap.org/copyright) | ODbL-1.0 |
| Public swimming pools (official) | 2.0 per 100,000 | 2011 | city | [Urban Audit: cities and greater cities](https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/cities/database) | Eurostat reuse with acknowledgement (Decision 2011/833/EU) |
| Hackerspaces and makerspaces | 3 within 10 km | 2026-10-27 | city | [OpenStreetMap via the Overpass API](https://www.openstreetmap.org/copyright) | ODbL-1.0 |
| Green space | 21.5 % of land | 2026-10-27 | city | [OpenStreetMap via the Overpass API](https://www.openstreetmap.org/copyright) | ODbL-1.0 |
| Distance to the sea | 262 km | Natural Earth 5.1 | city | [Natural Earth (coastline, land, countries and populated places)](https://www.naturalearthdata.com/) | Public domain |
| Distance to the mountains | 300 km | terrain tiles 2017 | city | [Terrain Tiles (Terrarium) on AWS Open Data](https://registry.opendata.aws/terrain-tiles/) | Public domain (USGS, NOAA) and Open Government Licence – Canada, with attribution |
| Nearest major airport | 8 km | 2026-10-27 | city | [OurAirports airports](https://ourairports.com/data/) | Public domain |
| Airports within 100 km | 3 airports | 2026-10-27 | city | [OurAirports airports](https://ourairports.com/data/) | Public domain |
| Rail and metro stations | 79 within 10 km | 2026-10-27 | city | [OpenStreetMap via the Overpass API](https://www.openstreetmap.org/copyright) | ODbL-1.0 |
| Cycle paths | 638 km within 10 km | 2026-10-27 | city | [OpenStreetMap via the Overpass API](https://www.openstreetmap.org/copyright) | ODbL-1.0 |
| Monthly transit pass | €24 a month | 2018 | city | [Urban Audit: cities and greater cities](https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/cities/database) | Eurostat reuse with acknowledgement (Decision 2011/833/EU) |
| Road deaths | 0.14 per 10,000 | 2024 | city | [Urban Audit: cities and greater cities](https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/cities/database) | Eurostat reuse with acknowledgement (Decision 2011/833/EU) |
| Born abroad | 2.1 % of residents | 2011 | city | [Urban Audit: cities and greater cities](https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/cities/database) | Eurostat reuse with acknowledgement (Decision 2011/833/EU) |
| English speakers | 33 % of population | CLDR 49 | Poland-wide | [CLDR territory information](https://cldr.unicode.org/) | Unicode-3.0 |
| English is official | no | CLDR 49 | Poland-wide | [CLDR territory information](https://cldr.unicode.org/) | Unicode-3.0 |
| Internet speed | 40 Mbit/s | 2023 | city | [M-Lab NDT statistics (daily city aggregates)](https://www.measurementlab.net/data/) | CC0-1.0 |
| Adults with a degree | 65.3 % of adults | 2025 | region | [Population by educational attainment and NUTS 2 region (edat_lfse_04)](https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/edat_lfse_04/default/table) | Eurostat reuse with acknowledgement (Decision 2011/833/EU) |
| Developers on GitHub | 18.9 per 1,000 residents | 2026-11-05 | city | [GitHub user search](https://docs.github.com/en/rest/search/search#search-users) | No data licence: only total counts of profiles are stored (GitHub Acceptable Use Policies, section 7) |
| Everyday needs on foot | 98 % of streets | 2026-11-05 | city | [OpenStreetMap via the Overpass API: walking and cycling](https://www.openstreetmap.org/copyright) | ODbL-1.0 |
| Cycle network | 2.04 km per km² of land | 2026-11-05 | city | [OpenStreetMap via the Overpass API: walking and cycling](https://www.openstreetmap.org/copyright) | ODbL-1.0 |
| Out of the dense city | 7.5 km | 2025 | city | [GHS Urban Centre Database 2025 (R2024A), general characteristics](https://human-settlement.emergency.copernicus.eu/ghs_ucdb_2024.php) | CC-BY-4.0 |
| Politics, left to right | centre-right, 6.2 of 10 | 2023-10-15 | Poland-wide | [Political position from election results](https://github.com/ABCastor/borgo/blob/main/pipeline/inputs/politics.json) | CC-BY-4.0 |
| Abortion in law | also for her health, or after rape | 2026-11-05 | Poland-wide | [Abortion in law, from the statutes cited](https://github.com/ABCastor/borgo/blob/main/src/fetch/rights-law.ts) | CC-BY-4.0 |
| Doctors | 4.0 per 1,000 people | 2023 | Poland-wide | [World Development Indicators](https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators) | CC-BY-4.0 |
| Unemployment | 3.0 % of the labour force | 2025 | Poland-wide | [World Development Indicators](https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators) | CC-BY-4.0 |
| Control of corruption | 0.85 -2.5 to 2.5 | 2025 | Poland-wide | [Worldwide Governance Indicators](https://www.worldbank.org/en/publication/worldwide-governance-indicators) | CC-BY-4.0 |
| Same-sex couples in law | legal, no union in law | 2026 | Poland-wide | [Same-sex couples in law, from the statutes cited](https://github.com/ABCastor/borgo/blob/main/src/fetch/rights-law.ts) | CC-BY-4.0 |

No open figure yet for: rent, one bedroom, rent, three bedrooms, your childcare cost, health insurance premium, green urban areas (official), commuting by public transport, commute time, walking or cycling to work.

## Comparisons

- [Warsaw vs Barcelona](https://borgo.abcastor.com/compare/barcelona-es-vs-warsaw-pl/index.md)
- [Warsaw vs Berlin](https://borgo.abcastor.com/compare/berlin-de-vs-warsaw-pl/index.md)
- [Warsaw vs Budapest](https://borgo.abcastor.com/compare/budapest-hu-vs-warsaw-pl/index.md)
- [Warsaw vs Dubai](https://borgo.abcastor.com/compare/dubai-ae-vs-warsaw-pl/index.md)
- [Warsaw vs Hamburg](https://borgo.abcastor.com/compare/hamburg-de-vs-warsaw-pl/index.md)
- [Warsaw vs Helsinki](https://borgo.abcastor.com/compare/helsinki-fi-vs-warsaw-pl/index.md)
- [Warsaw vs Kraków](https://borgo.abcastor.com/compare/krakow-pl-vs-warsaw-pl/index.md)
- [Warsaw vs London](https://borgo.abcastor.com/compare/london-gb-vs-warsaw-pl/index.md)
- [Warsaw vs Paris](https://borgo.abcastor.com/compare/paris-fr-vs-warsaw-pl/index.md)
- [Warsaw vs Prague](https://borgo.abcastor.com/compare/prague-cz-vs-warsaw-pl/index.md)
- [Warsaw vs Rome](https://borgo.abcastor.com/compare/rome-it-vs-warsaw-pl/index.md)
- [Warsaw vs Tallinn](https://borgo.abcastor.com/compare/tallinn-ee-vs-warsaw-pl/index.md)
- [Warsaw vs Vienna](https://borgo.abcastor.com/compare/vienna-at-vs-warsaw-pl/index.md)

## Credits

- Borgo contributors, from the statutes cited in each figure's note ([CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/))
- Borgo's summary of the EU-Swiss Agreement on the Free Movement of Persons (State Secretariat for Migration) ([Borgo's own summary of the law cited (CC BY 4.0); the official text is cited, not copied](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/))
- Unicode CLDR territory information. Copyright © 1991-2026 Unicode, Inc. Used under the Unicode License v3 (https://www.unicode.org/license.txt) ([Unicode License v3](https://www.unicode.org/license.txt))
- Borgo contributors, from the statutes cited in each figure's note ([CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/))
- Borgo's summary of Directive 2004/38/EC (© European Union, EUR-Lex) ([Borgo's own summary of the law cited (CC BY 4.0); the official text is cited, not copied](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/))
- Source: Eurostat, EU Labour Force Survey (edat_lfse_04, © European Union). Borgo keeps each region's latest value Eurostat is not responsible for Borgo's use of its data. ([European Commission reuse policy (Decision 2011/833/EU): reuse with the source acknowledged and changes stated](https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/main/help/copyright-notice))
- Source: Eurostat, Urban Audit (© European Union). Borgo keeps each city's latest value and converts units where its note says so Eurostat is not responsible for Borgo's use of its data. ([European Commission reuse policy (Decision 2011/833/EU): reuse with the source acknowledged and changes stated](https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/main/help/copyright-notice))
- Founders Running Club communities list (facts of presence and links only) ([No licence from the publisher: only facts of presence are stored](https://foundersrc.com/communities))
- Places, coordinates, populations and time zones from GeoNames (geonames.org), CC BY 4.0 ([CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/))
- GHS-UCDB R2024A, European Commission, Joint Research Centre, CC BY 4.0, doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd; Borgo derives the distance from the centre to the urban centre's edge Shores and lakes from Natural Earth (public domain) decide which directions lead on to land. ([CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/))
- Counts of GitHub profiles by stated location, from GitHub's public user search (counts only, no profile data) ([No data licence from the publisher: only total counts are stored, no record about anyone, as its terms allow public, non-personal information in openly published research](https://docs.github.com/en/site-policy/acceptable-use-policies/github-acceptable-use-policies#7-information-usage-restrictions))
- Borgo contributors, from the labour codes cited in each figure's note ([CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/))
- Source: Meteostat (meteostat.net) and its data providers (dev.meteostat.net/providers), CC BY 4.0 ([CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/))
- The M-Lab NDT Data Set, 2023-01-01–2023-12-31. https://measurementlab.net/tests/ndt ([CC0 1.0 (public domain dedication)](https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/))
- Public holidays from Nager.Date (date.nager.at), MIT License, Copyright (c) Nager ([MIT License](https://opensource.org/license/mit))
- Made with Natural Earth (public domain) ([Public domain (dedicated by the publisher)](https://www.naturalearthdata.com/about/terms-of-use/))
- OECD (2026), Net childcare costs, OECD Tax-Benefit Models, https://www.oecd.org/en/data/indicators/net-childcare-costs.html Reusers must cite the OECD as above and pass this acknowledgement requirement on to anyone they share the data with. ([OECD terms for data: any use, with the OECD citation passed on](https://www.oecd.org/en/about/terms-conditions.html))
- OECD (2026), OECD Family Database, PF2.1 Parental leave systems, https://www.oecd.org/en/data/datasets/oecd-family-database.html Reusers must cite the OECD as above and pass this acknowledgement requirement on to anyone they share the data with. ([OECD terms for data: any use, with the OECD citation passed on](https://www.oecd.org/en/about/terms-conditions.html))
- OECD (2026), OECD Well-being Database (How's Life?), https://www.oecd.org/en/data/datasets/well-being-database.html Reusers must cite the OECD as above and pass this acknowledgement requirement on to anyone they share the data with. ([OECD terms for data: any use, with the OECD citation passed on](https://www.oecd.org/en/about/terms-conditions.html))
- Weather data by Open-Meteo.com (https://open-meteo.com/), CC BY 4.0 Contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information 2021-2025. Neither the European Commission nor ECMWF is responsible for any use that may be made of the Copernicus information or data it contains. ([CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/))
- OpenAlex (openalex.org), CC0 ([CC0 1.0 (public domain dedication)](https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/))
- © OpenStreetMap contributors, ODbL 1.0 (https://www.openstreetmap.org/copyright) ([Open Database License 1.0](https://opendatacommons.org/licenses/odbl/1-0/))
- © OpenStreetMap contributors, ODbL 1.0 (https://www.openstreetmap.org/copyright) ([Open Database License 1.0](https://opendatacommons.org/licenses/odbl/1-0/))
- Airports from OurAirports (ourairports.com), public domain ([Public domain (dedicated by the publisher)](https://www.naturalearthdata.com/about/terms-of-use/))
- Borgo contributors, from official election results and ParlGov party positions (Döring, Huber and Manow, ParlGov 2024 release, CC0) ([CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/))
- Research Organization Registry (ror.org), CC0 ([CC0 1.0 (public domain dedication)](https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/))
- Terrain Tiles on AWS Open Data (Mapzen, a Linux Foundation project): SRTM and GMTED2010 terrain data courtesy of the U.S. Geological Survey; ETOPO1, U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Canada terrain data contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence – Canada ([Terrain Tiles source terms: public domain (USGS, NOAA) and Open Government Licence – Canada, with attribution](https://github.com/tilezen/joerd/blob/master/docs/attribution.md))
- World Health Organization, WHO Ambient Air Quality Database (Version 8.0), 2026, accessed 2026-10-27; data provided by the national and regional agencies named in each value's note WHO does not endorse Borgo, its use of these data, or any city ranking built from them. Values are as published by WHO; WHO advises against using the database to rank cities or compare countries directly, because monitoring differs between places. ([WHO terms and conditions for data compilations](https://www.who.int/about/policies/publishing/data-policy/terms-and-conditions))
- World Bank, World Development Indicators, CC BY 4.0 (underlying sources named in each figure's note: ICP, IMF, UNODC, UN Population Division, WHO, ILO, UNESCO Institute for Statistics) ([CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/))
- World Bank, Worldwide Governance Indicators, Control of Corruption estimate, CC BY 4.0 ([CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/))

## Cite

Borgo, "Living in Warsaw", https://borgo.abcastor.com/city/warsaw-pl/, figures as of 2026-11-05. Name the original source of any figure you quote. JSON: https://borgo.abcastor.com/api/city/warsaw-pl.json