# Living in Montreal, Canada

> Open, sourced figures for Montreal: take-home pay, monthly costs, who may live there, climate, air, safety and health. Figures as of 2026-11-05. Canonical page: https://borgo.abcastor.com/city/montreal-ca/

## Key facts

- Montreal has about 1,762,949 residents (GeoNames).
- On a gross salary of CA$94,000 a year, an employee in Montreal takes home about CA$65,775 a year (CA$5,481 a month) after income tax and employee contributions, an effective rate of 30.0% (Canada 2026 rules). Quebec: federal tax is cut by the 16.5% Quebec abatement; QPP and QPIP replace CPP and part of EI. Quebec: the only credit is the basic personal amount; no solidarity, work premium or other income-tested credits.
- A one-bedroom home in Montreal rents for about CA$1,131 a month (metro area figure; CMHC Rental Market Survey: average rents (Statistics Canada table 34-10-0133-01), Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation, 2025-10).
- In Montreal the average daily high (air temperature in the shade) peaks at 25.1 °C in July and the average daily low falls to −13.7 °C in January (Historical weather (ERA5 reanalysis), Open-Meteo, 2021-2025).
- Montreal has about 36 nice days a year, days that are dry, mostly clear and feel 18 to 30 °C on average from 8 am to 8 pm, most of them in July (10) (Historical weather (ERA5 reanalysis), Open-Meteo, 2021-2025).
- Between 2021 and 2025 the air in Montreal reached 33.2 °C at its hottest and −32.6 °C at its coldest (Historical weather (ERA5 reanalysis), Open-Meteo).
- It rains or snows (at least 1 mm) on about 141 days a year in Montreal (Historical weather (ERA5 reanalysis), Open-Meteo, 2021-2025).
- The shortest day in Montreal lasts 8 h 42 min and the longest 15 h 41 min (computed from latitude).
- Fine dust (PM2.5) in Montreal averages 8.6 µg/m³ a year, 1.7 times the WHO guideline of 5 µg/m³ (WHO Ambient Air Quality Database v8.0 (2026), World Health Organization, 2023).
- Everyday prices in Canada sit at 90.2 on an index where the United States is 100 (World Development Indicators, World Bank, 2025).
- Life expectancy at birth in Canada is 82.1 years (World Development Indicators, World Bank, 2024).
- Canada records 1.98 intentional homicides per 100,000 people a year (World Development Indicators, World Bank, 2023).
- Only citizens of Canada can live and work in Montreal without a visa or permit; everyone else needs one.

## Take-home pay (Canada, 2026 rules)

| Gross a year | Take-home a year | A month | Effective rate |
|---:|---:|---:|---:|
| CA$47,000 | CA$36,803 | CA$3,067 | 21.7% |
| CA$94,000 | CA$65,775 | CA$5,481 | 30.0% |
| CA$160,000 | CA$103,105 | CA$8,592 | 35.6% |

Employee, single, wages only: federal tax with basic, CPP/EI and employment credits, CPP or QPP, EI, QPIP, plus provincial tax for Ontario, British Columbia and Quebec. Sources: [CRA: tax rates and income brackets 2026](https://www.canada.ca/en/revenue-agency/services/tax/individuals/tax-rates-brackets/current-year.html), [CRA: indexation adjustment for personal income tax amounts](https://www.canada.ca/en/revenue-agency/services/tax/individuals/frequently-asked-questions-individuals/adjustment-personal-income-tax-benefit-amounts.html), [CRA: CPP contribution rates, maximums and exemptions](https://www.canada.ca/en/revenue-agency/services/tax/businesses/topics/payroll/payroll-deductions-contributions/canada-pension-plan-cpp/cpp-contribution-rates-maximums-exemptions.html), [CRA: second additional CPP (CPP2) rates and maximums](https://www.canada.ca/en/revenue-agency/services/tax/businesses/topics/payroll/calculating-deductions/making-deductions/second-additional-cpp-contribution-rates-maximums.html), [CRA: EI premium rates and maximums](https://www.canada.ca/en/revenue-agency/services/tax/businesses/topics/payroll/payroll-deductions-contributions/employment-insurance-ei/ei-premium-rates-maximums.html), [Revenu Québec: employers' principal changes for 2026](https://www.revenuquebec.ca/en/businesses/source-deductions-and-employer-contributions/employers-principal-changes-for-2026/), [Revenu Québec: income tax rates](https://www.revenuquebec.ca/en/citizens/income-tax-return/completing-your-income-tax-return/income-tax-rates/), [Revenu Québec: line 201, deduction for workers](https://www.revenuquebec.ca/en/citizens/income-tax-return/completing-your-income-tax-return/how-to-complete-your-income-tax-return/line-by-line-help/201-to-260-net-income/line-201/).

## A month on the reference profile

Assumed: one person, €60,000 gross a year, a one-bedroom home, everyday spending of €1,200 a month in Lisbon scaled by each country's price level.

- Take-home pay: CA$5,490
- Rent: CA$1,131 (CMHC Rental Market Survey: average rents (Statistics Canada table 34-10-0133-01), 2025-10)
- Everyday spending: CA$2,618
- Health care, out of pocket: CA$114
- Left each month: CA$1,628

## Who can live and work here without a visa

- Citizens of Canada

## Climate (Historical weather (ERA5 reanalysis), 2021-2025)

| Month | High °C (air) | Low °C (air) | Lowest °C | Highest °C | Nice days | Wet days | Daylight |
|---|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|
| Jan | −5.9 | −13.7 | −32.6 | 2.6 | 0 | 11.8 | 9 h 04 min |
| Feb | −4.1 | −13.3 | −31.6 | 13.5 | 0 | 11.4 | 10 h 16 min |
| Mar | 3.0 | −6.3 | −23.2 | 18.4 | 0 | 12.4 | 11 h 52 min |
| Apr | 10.9 | 0.4 | −9.6 | 23.8 | 0 | 11.6 | 13 h 31 min |
| May | 18.4 | 7.9 | −0.4 | 29.3 | 3 | 10.8 | 14 h 56 min |
| Jun | 23.4 | 14.0 | 7.5 | 33.2 | 5 | 13.4 | 15 h 40 min |
| Jul | 25.1 | 16.8 | 10.9 | 31.7 | 10 | 12.4 | 15 h 18 min |
| Aug | 24.3 | 15.9 | 9.9 | 33.2 | 10 | 12.4 | 14 h 04 min |
| Sep | 20.3 | 12.0 | 5.0 | 29.9 | 7 | 8.0 | 12 h 27 min |
| Oct | 14.2 | 6.3 | −4.5 | 28.0 | 1 | 11.0 | 10 h 49 min |
| Nov | 4.8 | −1.3 | −10.4 | 21.4 | 0 | 11.8 | 9 h 25 min |
| Dec | −1.8 | −8.6 | −23.5 | 11.3 | 0 | 13.8 | 8 h 43 min |

Nice days: dry, mostly clear and feeling 18 to 30 °C on average from 8 am to 8 pm. Lowest and highest: the extremes of 2021-2025.

## Every figure

| Figure | Value | Period | Level | Source | Licence |
|---|---:|---|---|---|---|
| Rent, one bedroom | CA$1,131 a month | 2025-10 | metro area | [CMHC Rental Market Survey: average rents (Statistics Canada table 34-10-0133-01)](https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=3410013301) | CMHC Licence Agreement for the Use of Data (not CC BY) |
| Rent, three bedrooms | CA$1,625 a month | 2025-10 | metro area | [CMHC Rental Market Survey: average rents (Statistics Canada table 34-10-0133-01)](https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=3410013301) | CMHC Licence Agreement for the Use of Data (not CC BY) |
| Childcare fees, one child | CA$7,324 a year | 2026 | Canada-wide | [OECD Tax-Benefit Models: net childcare costs](https://www.oecd.org/en/data/indicators/net-childcare-costs.html) | OECD terms for data (any use, with citation) |
| Childcare fees, two children | CA$13,707 a year | 2026 | Canada-wide | [OECD Tax-Benefit Models: net childcare costs](https://www.oecd.org/en/data/indicators/net-childcare-costs.html) | OECD terms for data (any use, with citation) |
| Childcare, net of support: couple, one child | CA$4,970 a year | 2026 | Canada-wide | [OECD Tax-Benefit Models: net childcare costs](https://www.oecd.org/en/data/indicators/net-childcare-costs.html) | OECD terms for data (any use, with citation) |
| Childcare, net of support: couple, two children | CA$9,006 a year | 2026 | Canada-wide | [OECD Tax-Benefit Models: net childcare costs](https://www.oecd.org/en/data/indicators/net-childcare-costs.html) | OECD terms for data (any use, with citation) |
| Childcare, net of support: single parent, one child | CA$2,216 a year | 2026 | Canada-wide | [OECD Tax-Benefit Models: net childcare costs](https://www.oecd.org/en/data/indicators/net-childcare-costs.html) | OECD terms for data (any use, with citation) |
| Childcare, net of support: single parent, two children | CA$2,743 a year | 2026 | Canada-wide | [OECD Tax-Benefit Models: net childcare costs](https://www.oecd.org/en/data/indicators/net-childcare-costs.html) | OECD terms for data (any use, with citation) |
| Out-of-pocket health spending | US$974 a year per person | 2024 | Canada-wide | [World Development Indicators](https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators) | CC-BY-4.0 |
| Paid holiday by law | 10 working days a year | 2026 | Canada-wide | [Paid holiday by law, from the labour codes cited](https://github.com/ABCastor/borgo/blob/main/src/fetch/family.ts) | CC-BY-4.0 |
| Public holidays on working days | 9 days a year | 2026 | region | [Nager.Date public holidays](https://date.nager.at/) | MIT |
| Paid leave for mothers | 20.1 weeks at full pay | 2025 | Canada-wide | [OECD Family Database: parental leave systems (PF2.1)](https://www.oecd.org/en/data/datasets/oecd-family-database.html) | OECD terms for data (any use, with citation) |
| Paid leave for fathers | 2.0 weeks at full pay | 2025 | Canada-wide | [OECD Family Database: parental leave systems (PF2.1)](https://www.oecd.org/en/data/datasets/oecd-family-database.html) | OECD terms for data (any use, with citation) |
| Price level | 90.2 index, US = 100 | 2025 | Canada-wide | [World Development Indicators](https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators) | CC-BY-4.0 |
| Wet days | 141 days a year | 2021-2025 | city | [Historical weather (ERA5 reanalysis)](https://open-meteo.com/en/docs/historical-weather-api) | CC-BY-4.0 |
| Sunshine | 2,124 hours a year | 1991-2020 | city | [Meteostat climate normals](https://dev.meteostat.net/) | CC-BY-4.0 |
| Fine dust (PM2.5) | 8.6 µg/m³ | 2023 | city | [WHO Ambient Air Quality Database v8.0 (2026)](https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/themes/air-pollution/who-air-quality-database) | WHO terms for data compilations (public-health use, unaltered values; not CC BY) |
| Homicides | 1.98 per 100,000 | 2023 | Canada-wide | [World Development Indicators](https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators) | CC-BY-4.0 |
| Life expectancy | 82.1 years | 2024 | Canada-wide | [World Development Indicators](https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators) | CC-BY-4.0 |
| Life satisfaction | 7.4 of 10 | 2023 | Canada-wide | [OECD Well-being Database (How's Life?)](https://www.oecd.org/en/data/datasets/well-being-database.html) | OECD terms for data (any use, with citation) |
| Research output | 2,829 works per 100k residents | 2025 | city | [OpenAlex institutions](https://openalex.org/) | CC0-1.0 |
| Research output per resident | 59 of 100 | 2025 | city | [OpenAlex institutions](https://openalex.org/) | CC0-1.0 |
| Universities and colleges | 38 organisations | 2026-10-27 | city | [Research Organization Registry](https://ror.org/) | CC0-1.0 |
| Research institutes | 70 organisations | 2026-10-27 | city | [Research Organization Registry](https://ror.org/) | CC0-1.0 |
| Founders Running Club | a chapter | 2026-10-27 | city | [Founders Running Club communities](https://foundersrc.com/communities) | Public listing (facts of presence only; no licence stated) |
| Coworking spaces | 14 within 10 km | 2026-10-27 | city | [OpenStreetMap via the Overpass API](https://www.openstreetmap.org/copyright) | ODbL-1.0 |
| Climbing gyms | 13 within 10 km | 2026-10-27 | city | [OpenStreetMap via the Overpass API](https://www.openstreetmap.org/copyright) | ODbL-1.0 |
| Public swimming pools | 146 within 10 km | 2026-10-27 | city | [OpenStreetMap via the Overpass API](https://www.openstreetmap.org/copyright) | ODbL-1.0 |
| Hackerspaces and makerspaces | 16 within 10 km | 2026-10-27 | city | [OpenStreetMap via the Overpass API](https://www.openstreetmap.org/copyright) | ODbL-1.0 |
| Green space | 10.9 % of land | 2026-10-27 | city | [OpenStreetMap via the Overpass API](https://www.openstreetmap.org/copyright) | ODbL-1.0 |
| Distance to the sea | 329 km | Natural Earth 5.1 | city | [Natural Earth (coastline, land, countries and populated places)](https://www.naturalearthdata.com/) | Public domain |
| Distance to the mountains | 129 km | terrain tiles 2017 | city | [Terrain Tiles (Terrarium) on AWS Open Data](https://registry.opendata.aws/terrain-tiles/) | Public domain (USGS, NOAA) and Open Government Licence – Canada, with attribution |
| Nearest major airport | 13 km | 2026-10-27 | city | [OurAirports airports](https://ourairports.com/data/) | Public domain |
| Airports within 100 km | 4 airports | 2026-10-27 | city | [OurAirports airports](https://ourairports.com/data/) | Public domain |
| Rail and metro stations | 85 within 10 km | 2026-10-27 | city | [OpenStreetMap via the Overpass API](https://www.openstreetmap.org/copyright) | ODbL-1.0 |
| Cycle paths | 392 km within 10 km | 2026-10-27 | city | [OpenStreetMap via the Overpass API](https://www.openstreetmap.org/copyright) | ODbL-1.0 |
| English speakers | 87 % of population | CLDR 49 | Canada-wide | [CLDR territory information](https://cldr.unicode.org/) | Unicode-3.0 |
| English is official | yes | CLDR 49 | Canada-wide | [CLDR territory information](https://cldr.unicode.org/) | Unicode-3.0 |
| Internet speed | 53 Mbit/s | 2023 | city | [M-Lab NDT statistics (daily city aggregates)](https://www.measurementlab.net/data/) | CC0-1.0 |
| Adults with a degree | 49.3 % of adults | 2021 | Canada-wide | [World Development Indicators](https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators) | CC-BY-4.0 |
| Developers on GitHub | 16.0 per 1,000 residents | 2026-11-05 | city | [GitHub user search](https://docs.github.com/en/rest/search/search#search-users) | No data licence: only total counts of profiles are stored (GitHub Acceptable Use Policies, section 7) |
| Everyday needs on foot | 95 % of streets | 2026-11-05 | city | [OpenStreetMap via the Overpass API: walking and cycling](https://www.openstreetmap.org/copyright) | ODbL-1.0 |
| Cycle network | 1.92 km per km² of land | 2026-11-05 | city | [OpenStreetMap via the Overpass API: walking and cycling](https://www.openstreetmap.org/copyright) | ODbL-1.0 |
| Out of the dense city | 11.3 km | 2025 | city | [GHS Urban Centre Database 2025 (R2024A), general characteristics](https://human-settlement.emergency.copernicus.eu/ghs_ucdb_2024.php) | CC-BY-4.0 |
| Politics, left to right | centre, 5.2 of 10 | 2025-04-28 | region | [Political position from election results](https://github.com/ABCastor/borgo/blob/main/pipeline/inputs/politics.json) | CC-BY-4.0 |
| Abortion in law | on request, 10 weeks or later | 2026 | Canada-wide | [Abortion in law, from the statutes cited](https://github.com/ABCastor/borgo/blob/main/src/fetch/rights-law.ts) | CC-BY-4.0 |
| Doctors | 2.8 per 1,000 people | 2023 | Canada-wide | [World Development Indicators](https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators) | CC-BY-4.0 |
| Unemployment | 6.9 % of the labour force | 2025 | Canada-wide | [World Development Indicators](https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators) | CC-BY-4.0 |
| Control of corruption | 1.59 -2.5 to 2.5 | 2025 | Canada-wide | [Worldwide Governance Indicators](https://www.worldbank.org/en/publication/worldwide-governance-indicators) | CC-BY-4.0 |
| Same-sex couples in law | marriage | 2026 | Canada-wide | [Same-sex couples in law, from the statutes cited](https://github.com/ABCastor/borgo/blob/main/src/fetch/rights-law.ts) | CC-BY-4.0 |

No open figure yet for: your childcare cost, health insurance premium, public swimming pools (official), green urban areas (official), commuting by public transport, commute time, monthly transit pass, road deaths, born abroad, walking or cycling to work.

## Comparisons

- [Montreal vs Boston](https://borgo.abcastor.com/compare/boston-us-vs-montreal-ca/index.md)
- [Montreal vs Chicago](https://borgo.abcastor.com/compare/chicago-us-vs-montreal-ca/index.md)
- [Montreal vs Miami](https://borgo.abcastor.com/compare/miami-us-vs-montreal-ca/index.md)
- [Montreal vs New York](https://borgo.abcastor.com/compare/montreal-ca-vs-new-york-us/index.md)
- [Montreal vs Toronto](https://borgo.abcastor.com/compare/montreal-ca-vs-toronto-ca/index.md)
- [Montreal vs Vancouver](https://borgo.abcastor.com/compare/montreal-ca-vs-vancouver-ca/index.md)

## Credits

- Borgo contributors, from the statutes cited in each figure's note ([CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/))
- Unicode CLDR territory information. Copyright © 1991-2026 Unicode, Inc. Used under the Unicode License v3 (https://www.unicode.org/license.txt) ([Unicode License v3](https://www.unicode.org/license.txt))
- Source: Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC), Rental Market Survey, average rents, October 2025, via Statistics Canada table 34-10-0133-01. This information is reproduced and distributed on an "as is" basis with the permission of CMHC. Redistributed under CMHC's Licence Agreement for the Use of Data: anyone receiving these figures agrees to be bound by its terms. Not covered by Borgo's CC BY 4.0 licence. ([CMHC Licence Agreement for the Use of Data](https://www.cmhc-schl.gc.ca/about-us/terms-conditions/hmip-terms-conditions))
- Borgo contributors, from the statutes cited in each figure's note ([CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/))
- Founders Running Club communities list (facts of presence and links only) ([No licence from the publisher: only facts of presence are stored](https://foundersrc.com/communities))
- Places, coordinates, populations and time zones from GeoNames (geonames.org), CC BY 4.0 ([CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/))
- GHS-UCDB R2024A, European Commission, Joint Research Centre, CC BY 4.0, doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd; Borgo derives the distance from the centre to the urban centre's edge Shores and lakes from Natural Earth (public domain) decide which directions lead on to land. ([CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/))
- Counts of GitHub profiles by stated location, from GitHub's public user search (counts only, no profile data) ([No data licence from the publisher: only total counts are stored, no record about anyone, as its terms allow public, non-personal information in openly published research](https://docs.github.com/en/site-policy/acceptable-use-policies/github-acceptable-use-policies#7-information-usage-restrictions))
- Borgo contributors, from the labour codes cited in each figure's note ([CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/))
- Source: Meteostat (meteostat.net) and its data providers (dev.meteostat.net/providers), CC BY 4.0 ([CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/))
- The M-Lab NDT Data Set, 2023-01-01–2023-12-31. https://measurementlab.net/tests/ndt ([CC0 1.0 (public domain dedication)](https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/))
- Public holidays from Nager.Date (date.nager.at), MIT License, Copyright (c) Nager ([MIT License](https://opensource.org/license/mit))
- Made with Natural Earth (public domain) ([Public domain (dedicated by the publisher)](https://www.naturalearthdata.com/about/terms-of-use/))
- OECD (2026), Net childcare costs, OECD Tax-Benefit Models, https://www.oecd.org/en/data/indicators/net-childcare-costs.html Reusers must cite the OECD as above and pass this acknowledgement requirement on to anyone they share the data with. ([OECD terms for data: any use, with the OECD citation passed on](https://www.oecd.org/en/about/terms-conditions.html))
- OECD (2026), OECD Family Database, PF2.1 Parental leave systems, https://www.oecd.org/en/data/datasets/oecd-family-database.html Reusers must cite the OECD as above and pass this acknowledgement requirement on to anyone they share the data with. ([OECD terms for data: any use, with the OECD citation passed on](https://www.oecd.org/en/about/terms-conditions.html))
- OECD (2026), OECD Well-being Database (How's Life?), https://www.oecd.org/en/data/datasets/well-being-database.html Reusers must cite the OECD as above and pass this acknowledgement requirement on to anyone they share the data with. ([OECD terms for data: any use, with the OECD citation passed on](https://www.oecd.org/en/about/terms-conditions.html))
- Weather data by Open-Meteo.com (https://open-meteo.com/), CC BY 4.0 Contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information 2021-2025. Neither the European Commission nor ECMWF is responsible for any use that may be made of the Copernicus information or data it contains. ([CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/))
- OpenAlex (openalex.org), CC0 ([CC0 1.0 (public domain dedication)](https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/))
- © OpenStreetMap contributors, ODbL 1.0 (https://www.openstreetmap.org/copyright) ([Open Database License 1.0](https://opendatacommons.org/licenses/odbl/1-0/))
- © OpenStreetMap contributors, ODbL 1.0 (https://www.openstreetmap.org/copyright) ([Open Database License 1.0](https://opendatacommons.org/licenses/odbl/1-0/))
- Airports from OurAirports (ourairports.com), public domain ([Public domain (dedicated by the publisher)](https://www.naturalearthdata.com/about/terms-of-use/))
- Borgo contributors, from official election results and ParlGov party positions (Döring, Huber and Manow, ParlGov 2024 release, CC0) ([CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/))
- Research Organization Registry (ror.org), CC0 ([CC0 1.0 (public domain dedication)](https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/))
- Terrain Tiles on AWS Open Data (Mapzen, a Linux Foundation project): SRTM and GMTED2010 terrain data courtesy of the U.S. Geological Survey; ETOPO1, U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Canada terrain data contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence – Canada ([Terrain Tiles source terms: public domain (USGS, NOAA) and Open Government Licence – Canada, with attribution](https://github.com/tilezen/joerd/blob/master/docs/attribution.md))
- World Health Organization, WHO Ambient Air Quality Database (Version 8.0), 2026, accessed 2026-10-27; data provided by the national and regional agencies named in each value's note WHO does not endorse Borgo, its use of these data, or any city ranking built from them. Values are as published by WHO; WHO advises against using the database to rank cities or compare countries directly, because monitoring differs between places. ([WHO terms and conditions for data compilations](https://www.who.int/about/policies/publishing/data-policy/terms-and-conditions))
- World Bank, World Development Indicators, CC BY 4.0 (underlying sources named in each figure's note: ICP, IMF, UNODC, UN Population Division, WHO, ILO, UNESCO Institute for Statistics) ([CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/))
- World Bank, Worldwide Governance Indicators, Control of Corruption estimate, CC BY 4.0 ([CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/))

## Cite

Borgo, "Living in Montreal", https://borgo.abcastor.com/city/montreal-ca/, figures as of 2026-11-05. Name the original source of any figure you quote. JSON: https://borgo.abcastor.com/api/city/montreal-ca.json