{ "dataset": { "version": "2026-11-05", "builtAt": "2026-11-05T15:34:08.779Z", "licence": "CC-BY-4.0", "licenceUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "licenceNote": "Borgo's compilation is licensed CC BY 4.0. Each figure keeps its source's own terms and attribution, listed in data/licences.json; reuse a figure under those terms.", "licences": "https://borgo.abcastor.com/data/licences.json", "otherParts": [ { "part": "odbl", "licence": { "id": "ODbL-1.0", "name": "Open Database License 1.0", "url": "https://opendatacommons.org/licenses/odbl/1-0/" }, "file": "https://borgo.abcastor.com/data/dataset-odbl.json", "city": "https://borgo.abcastor.com/api/odbl/city/{id}.json" }, { "part": "who", "licence": { "id": "WHO-data", "name": "WHO terms and conditions for data compilations", "url": "https://www.who.int/about/policies/publishing/data-policy/terms-and-conditions" }, "file": "https://borgo.abcastor.com/data/dataset-who.json", "city": "https://borgo.abcastor.com/api/who/city/{id}.json" }, { "part": "cmhc", "licence": { "id": "CMHC-data", "name": "CMHC Licence Agreement for the Use of Data", "url": "https://www.cmhc-schl.gc.ca/about-us/terms-conditions/hmip-terms-conditions" }, "file": "https://borgo.abcastor.com/data/dataset-cmhc.json", "city": "https://borgo.abcastor.com/api/cmhc/city/{id}.json" } ], "creator": "Castor", "fx": { "base": "EUR", "date": "2026-10-26", "source": "ecb-fx" } }, "id": "cambridge-gb", "name": "Cambridge", "country": { "code": "GB", "name": "United Kingdom", "currency": "GBP" }, "region": "GB-ENG", "lat": 52.2, "lon": 0.11667, "population": 145674, "wikidata": null, "geonames": "2653941", "page": "https://borgo.abcastor.com/city/cambridge-gb/", "markdown": "https://borgo.abcastor.com/city/cambridge-gb/index.md", "keyFacts": [ "Cambridge has about 145,674 residents (GeoNames).", "On a gross salary of £50,000 a year, an employee in Cambridge takes home about £39,520 a year (£3,293 a month) after income tax and employee contributions, an effective rate of 21.0% (United Kingdom 2026 rules).", "A one-bedroom home in Cambridge rents for about £1,255 a month (city figure; Price Index of Private Rents, Office for National Statistics, 2026-09).", "In Cambridge the average daily high (air temperature in the shade) peaks at 22.8 °C in August and the average daily low falls to 1.3 °C in January (Historical weather (ERA5 reanalysis), Open-Meteo, 2021-2025).", "Cambridge has about 21 nice days a year, days that are dry, mostly clear and feel 18 to 30 °C on average from 8 am to 8 pm, most of them in August (6) (Historical weather (ERA5 reanalysis), Open-Meteo, 2021-2025).", "Between 2021 and 2025 the air in Cambridge reached 38.4 °C at its hottest and −10.6 °C at its coldest (Historical weather (ERA5 reanalysis), Open-Meteo).", "It rains or snows (at least 1 mm) on about 127 days a year in Cambridge (Historical weather (ERA5 reanalysis), Open-Meteo, 2021-2025).", "The shortest day in Cambridge lasts 7 h 42 min and the longest 16 h 46 min (computed from latitude).", "Everyday prices in the United Kingdom sit at 92.4 on an index where the United States is 100 (World Development Indicators, World Bank, 2025).", "Life expectancy at birth in the United Kingdom is 81.4 years (World Development Indicators, World Bank, 2024).", "The United Kingdom records 1.12 intentional homicides per 100,000 people a year (World Development Indicators, World Bank, 2021).", "Besides citizens of the United Kingdom, citizens of Ireland (Common Travel Area) can live and work in Cambridge without a visa." ], "figures": [ { "metric": "rent_1bed", "label": "Rent, one bedroom", "description": "What a one-bedroom home costs to rent each month, from official rent statistics that measure either asking rents or the rents of all tenancies, with or without utilities, as each figure's source says.", "value": 1255, "text": "£1,255 a month", "unit": "GBP/month", "period": "2026-09", "level": "city", "retrieved": "2026-10-27", "method": "source", "sources": [ { "id": "ons-pipr", "name": "Price Index of Private Rents", "publisher": "Office for National Statistics", "url": "https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/inflationandpriceindices/datasets/priceindexofprivaterentsukmonthlypricestatistics", "licence": "OGL-UK-3.0", "licenceUrl": "https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/" } ], "note": "Cambridge, average of new and existing private tenancies", "levelText": "city" }, { "metric": "rent_3bed", "label": "Rent, three bedrooms", "description": "What a three-bedroom home costs to rent each month, from official rent statistics that measure either asking rents or the rents of all tenancies, with or without utilities, as each figure's source says.", "value": 1908, "text": "£1,908 a month", "unit": "GBP/month", "period": "2026-09", "level": "city", "retrieved": "2026-10-27", "method": "source", "sources": [ { "id": "ons-pipr", "name": "Price Index of Private Rents", "publisher": "Office for National Statistics", "url": "https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/inflationandpriceindices/datasets/priceindexofprivaterentsukmonthlypricestatistics", "licence": "OGL-UK-3.0", "licenceUrl": "https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/" } ], "note": "Cambridge, average of new and existing private tenancies", "levelText": "city" }, { "metric": "childcare_fees_1", "label": "Childcare fees, one child", "description": "What full-time childcare for one child aged 2 or 3 costs in fees a year, before any public support, in the place the OECD tax-benefit model takes as typical for the country.", "value": 14747, "text": "£14,747 a year", "unit": "GBP/year", "period": "2026", "level": "country", "retrieved": "2026-11-04T23:14:47.906Z", "method": "source", "sources": [ { "id": "oecd-childcare", "name": "OECD Tax-Benefit Models: net childcare costs", "publisher": "OECD", "url": "https://www.oecd.org/en/data/indicators/net-childcare-costs.html", "licence": "OECD terms for data (any use, with citation)", "licenceUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/en/about/terms-conditions.html" } ], "note": "Fees for one child aged 2 or 3 in full-time care, before support (OECD tax-benefit model)", "levelText": "United Kingdom-wide" }, { "metric": "childcare_fees_2", "label": "Childcare fees, two children", "description": "Fees a year for full-time childcare for two children aged 2 and 3, before any public support (OECD tax-benefit model).", "value": 28850, "text": "£28,850 a year", "unit": "GBP/year", "period": "2026", "level": "country", "retrieved": "2026-11-04T23:14:47.906Z", "method": "source", "sources": [ { "id": "oecd-childcare", "name": "OECD Tax-Benefit Models: net childcare costs", "publisher": "OECD", "url": "https://www.oecd.org/en/data/indicators/net-childcare-costs.html", "licence": "OECD terms for data (any use, with citation)", "licenceUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/en/about/terms-conditions.html" } ], "note": "Fees for two children aged 2 and 3 in full-time care, before support (OECD tax-benefit model)", "levelText": "United Kingdom-wide" }, { "metric": "childcare_net_couple_1", "label": "Childcare, net of support: couple, one child", "description": "What full-time childcare for one child aged 2 or 3 costs a two-earner couple (on 100% and 67% of the average wage) a year after childcare benefits, tax breaks and other benefit changes (OECD net childcare cost).", "value": 2949, "text": "£2,949 a year", "unit": "GBP/year", "period": "2026", "level": "country", "retrieved": "2026-11-04T23:14:47.906Z", "method": "source", "sources": [ { "id": "oecd-childcare", "name": "OECD Tax-Benefit Models: net childcare costs", "publisher": "OECD", "url": "https://www.oecd.org/en/data/indicators/net-childcare-costs.html", "licence": "OECD terms for data (any use, with citation)", "licenceUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/en/about/terms-conditions.html" } ], "note": "Net cost after childcare benefits, tax breaks and other benefit changes: couple on 100% and 67% of the average wage", "levelText": "United Kingdom-wide" }, { "metric": "childcare_net_couple_2", "label": "Childcare, net of support: couple, two children", "description": "What full-time childcare for two children aged 2 and 3 costs a two-earner couple (on 100% and 67% of the average wage) a year after childcare benefits, tax breaks and other benefit changes (OECD net childcare cost).", "value": 5770, "text": "£5,770 a year", "unit": "GBP/year", "period": "2026", "level": "country", "retrieved": "2026-11-04T23:14:47.906Z", "method": "source", "sources": [ { "id": "oecd-childcare", "name": "OECD Tax-Benefit Models: net childcare costs", "publisher": "OECD", "url": "https://www.oecd.org/en/data/indicators/net-childcare-costs.html", "licence": "OECD terms for data (any use, with citation)", "licenceUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/en/about/terms-conditions.html" } ], "note": "Net cost after childcare benefits, tax breaks and other benefit changes: couple on 100% and 67% of the average wage", "levelText": "United Kingdom-wide" }, { "metric": "childcare_net_single_1", "label": "Childcare, net of support: single parent, one child", "description": "What full-time childcare for one child aged 2 or 3 costs a single parent on the average wage a year after childcare benefits, tax breaks and other benefit changes (OECD net childcare cost).", "value": 2949, "text": "£2,949 a year", "unit": "GBP/year", "period": "2026", "level": "country", "retrieved": "2026-11-04T23:14:47.906Z", "method": "source", "sources": [ { "id": "oecd-childcare", "name": "OECD Tax-Benefit Models: net childcare costs", "publisher": "OECD", "url": "https://www.oecd.org/en/data/indicators/net-childcare-costs.html", "licence": "OECD terms for data (any use, with citation)", "licenceUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/en/about/terms-conditions.html" } ], "note": "Net cost after childcare benefits, tax breaks and other benefit changes: single parent on the average wage", "levelText": "United Kingdom-wide" }, { "metric": "childcare_net_single_2", "label": "Childcare, net of support: single parent, two children", "description": "What full-time childcare for two children aged 2 and 3 costs a single parent on the average wage a year after childcare benefits, tax breaks and other benefit changes (OECD net childcare cost).", "value": 5770, "text": "£5,770 a year", "unit": "GBP/year", "period": "2026", "level": "country", "retrieved": "2026-11-04T23:14:47.906Z", "method": "source", "sources": [ { "id": "oecd-childcare", "name": "OECD Tax-Benefit Models: net childcare costs", "publisher": "OECD", "url": "https://www.oecd.org/en/data/indicators/net-childcare-costs.html", "licence": "OECD terms for data (any use, with citation)", "licenceUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/en/about/terms-conditions.html" } ], "note": "Net cost after childcare benefits, tax breaks and other benefit changes: single parent on the average wage", "levelText": "United Kingdom-wide" }, { "metric": "health_oop", "label": "Out-of-pocket health spending", "description": "What people pay for health care themselves each year, per person, on average across the country: deductibles, co-payments and care not covered, but not insurance premiums.", "value": 853, "text": "US$853 a year per person", "unit": "USD/year per person", "period": "2024", "level": "country", "retrieved": "2026-11-04", "method": "source", "sources": [ { "id": "worldbank-wdi", "name": "World Development Indicators", "publisher": "World Bank", "url": "https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators", "licence": "CC-BY-4.0", "licenceUrl": "https://datacatalog.worldbank.org/public-licenses" } ], "note": "Out-of-pocket health expenditure per person, current US dollars (WHO Global Health Expenditure Database via World Bank)", "levelText": "United Kingdom-wide" }, { "metric": "annual_leave", "label": "Paid holiday by law", "description": "The fewest paid days of holiday an employer must give a full-time employee on a five-day week, from the country's labour law; contracts and collective agreements often give more.", "value": 28, "text": "28 working days a year", "unit": "working days a year", "period": "2026", "level": "country", "retrieved": "2026-11-04T23:14:54.070Z", "method": "source", "sources": [ { "id": "labour-law", "name": "Paid holiday by law, from the labour codes cited", "publisher": "Borgo contributors", "url": "https://github.com/ABCastor/borgo/blob/main/src/fetch/family.ts", "licence": "CC-BY-4.0", "licenceUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" } ], "note": "5.6 weeks (28 days) a year; bank holidays may be included and are not an additional guaranteed paid entitlement (GOV.UK: holiday entitlement)", "levelText": "United Kingdom-wide" }, { "metric": "public_holidays", "label": "Public holidays on working days", "description": "Public holidays that fall on a weekday this year, nationwide plus those of the city's region; a holiday on a weekend is lost unless the law moves it.", "value": 8, "text": "8 days a year", "unit": "days a year", "period": "2026", "level": "region", "retrieved": "2026-11-04T23:14:53.256Z", "method": "source", "sources": [ { "id": "nager-date", "name": "Nager.Date public holidays", "publisher": "Nager.Date (open-source project)", "url": "https://date.nager.at/", "licence": "MIT", "licenceUrl": "https://github.com/nager/Nager.Date/blob/main/LICENSE.md" } ], "note": "Public holidays on Monday to Friday in 2026, nationwide and in GB-ENG", "levelText": "region" }, { "metric": "leave_mothers", "label": "Paid leave for mothers", "description": "Paid maternity, parental and home-care leave a mother can take, counted as weeks at full pay (weeks times the average payment rate for someone on average earnings).", "value": 11.7, "text": "11.7 weeks at full pay", "unit": "weeks at full pay", "period": "2025", "level": "country", "retrieved": "2026-11-04T23:14:51.896Z", "method": "source", "sources": [ { "id": "oecd-family-db", "name": "OECD Family Database: parental leave systems (PF2.1)", "publisher": "OECD", "url": "https://www.oecd.org/en/data/datasets/oecd-family-database.html", "licence": "OECD terms for data (any use, with citation)", "licenceUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/en/about/terms-conditions.html" } ], "note": "Paid maternity, parental and home-care leave available to mothers, in full-rate-equivalent weeks (OECD PF2.1.A, policies in April 2025; not a current-year statutory entitlement)", "levelText": "United Kingdom-wide" }, { "metric": "leave_fathers", "label": "Paid leave for fathers", "description": "Paid paternity leave and parental leave reserved for fathers, counted as weeks at full pay (weeks times the average payment rate for someone on average earnings).", "value": 0.4, "text": "0.4 weeks at full pay", "unit": "weeks at full pay", "period": "2025", "level": "country", "retrieved": "2026-11-04T23:14:51.896Z", "method": "source", "sources": [ { "id": "oecd-family-db", "name": "OECD Family Database: parental leave systems (PF2.1)", "publisher": "OECD", "url": "https://www.oecd.org/en/data/datasets/oecd-family-database.html", "licence": "OECD terms for data (any use, with citation)", "licenceUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/en/about/terms-conditions.html" } ], "note": "Paid paternity leave and leave reserved for fathers, in full-rate-equivalent weeks (OECD PF2.1.B, policies in April 2025; not a current-year statutory entitlement)", "levelText": "United Kingdom-wide" }, { "metric": "price_level", "label": "Price level", "description": "How expensive everyday consumption is, compared with the United States at market exchange rates.", "value": 92.4, "text": "92.4 index, US = 100", "unit": "index, US = 100", "period": "2025", "level": "country", "retrieved": "2026-10-27", "method": "source", "sources": [ { "id": "worldbank-wdi", "name": "World Development Indicators", "publisher": "World Bank", "url": "https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators", "licence": "CC-BY-4.0", "licenceUrl": "https://datacatalog.worldbank.org/public-licenses" } ], "note": "Private consumption PPP over the market exchange rate; United States = 100", "levelText": "United Kingdom-wide" }, { "metric": "wet_days", "label": "Wet days", "description": "Days a year with at least 1 mm of rain or snow, enough to wet the ground.", "value": 127, "text": "127 days a year", "unit": "days a year", "period": "2021-2025", "level": "city", "retrieved": "2026-10-28T00:17:12.192Z", "method": "source", "sources": [ { "id": "open-meteo-era5", "name": "Historical weather (ERA5 reanalysis)", "publisher": "Open-Meteo, Copernicus Climate Change Service (ECMWF)", "url": "https://open-meteo.com/en/docs/historical-weather-api", "licence": "CC-BY-4.0", "licenceUrl": "https://open-meteo.com/en/license" } ], "note": "ERA5 reanalysis at the city's coordinates (a grid about 25 km wide)", "levelText": "city" }, { "metric": "homicide_rate", "label": "Homicides", "description": "People killed on purpose each year per 100,000 residents, a common proxy for violent crime.", "value": 1.12, "text": "1.12 per 100,000", "unit": "per 100,000", "period": "2021", "level": "country", "retrieved": "2026-10-27", "method": "source", "sources": [ { "id": "worldbank-wdi", "name": "World Development Indicators", "publisher": "World Bank", "url": "https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators", "licence": "CC-BY-4.0", "licenceUrl": "https://datacatalog.worldbank.org/public-licenses" } ], "note": "Intentional homicides per 100,000 people (UNODC via World Bank)", "levelText": "United Kingdom-wide" }, { "metric": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy", "description": "How many years a baby born now would live on average if today's death rates held, for the whole country.", "value": 81.4, "text": "81.4 years", "unit": "years", "period": "2024", "level": "country", "retrieved": "2026-10-27", "method": "source", "sources": [ { "id": "worldbank-wdi", "name": "World Development Indicators", "publisher": "World Bank", "url": "https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators", "licence": "CC-BY-4.0", "licenceUrl": "https://datacatalog.worldbank.org/public-licenses" } ], "levelText": "United Kingdom-wide" }, { "metric": "life_evaluation", "label": "Life satisfaction", "description": "How satisfied people say they are with their life as a whole, on a scale from 0 to 10, averaged over the country.", "value": 7.45, "text": "7.5 of 10", "unit": "of 10", "period": "2022", "level": "country", "retrieved": "2026-10-27", "method": "source", "sources": [ { "id": "oecd-wellbeing", "name": "OECD Well-being Database (How's Life?)", "publisher": "OECD", "url": "https://www.oecd.org/en/data/datasets/well-being-database.html", "licence": "OECD terms for data (any use, with citation)", "licenceUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/en/about/terms-conditions.html" } ], "note": "Average answer to how satisfied people are with their life as a whole, 0 to 10", "levelText": "United Kingdom-wide" }, { "metric": "research_output", "label": "Research output", "description": "Papers, patents and datasets published in a year by institutions in the city, per 100,000 residents.", "value": 22529, "text": "22,529 works per 100k residents", "unit": "works per 100k residents", "period": "2025", "level": "city", "retrieved": "2026-10-27", "method": "source", "sources": [ { "id": "openalex", "name": "OpenAlex institutions", "publisher": "OurResearch", "url": "https://openalex.org/", "licence": "CC0-1.0", "licenceUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/" } ], "note": "32,819 works by 276 institutions in Cambridge", "levelText": "city" }, { "metric": "builder_density", "label": "Research output per resident", "description": "Research output of institutions in the city, per resident, on a 0 to 100 scale.", "value": 95, "text": "95 of 100", "unit": "of 100", "period": "2025", "level": "city", "retrieved": "2026-10-27", "method": "source", "sources": [ { "id": "openalex", "name": "OpenAlex institutions", "publisher": "OurResearch", "url": "https://openalex.org/", "licence": "CC0-1.0", "licenceUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/" } ], "note": "log scale: 100 works per 100k residents = 0, 30,000 = 100", "levelText": "city" }, { "metric": "universities", "label": "Universities and colleges", "description": "Higher-education organisations registered in the city in the Research Organization Registry, so counts follow how each country registers its institutions.", "value": 7, "text": "7 organisations", "unit": "organisations", "period": "2026-10-27", "level": "city", "retrieved": "2026-10-27", "method": "source", "sources": [ { "id": "ror", "name": "Research Organization Registry", "publisher": "ROR", "url": "https://ror.org/", "licence": "CC0-1.0", "licenceUrl": "https://ror.org/registry/" } ], "note": "ROR organisations of type education (universities, colleges, schools of higher education)", "levelText": "city" }, { "metric": "research_institutes", "label": "Research institutes", "description": "Research facilities (institutes, laboratories, observatories) registered in the city in the Research Organization Registry; national research councils that register every lab inflate some cities (Paris, Tokyo).", "value": 27, "text": "27 organisations", "unit": "organisations", "period": "2026-10-27", "level": "city", "retrieved": "2026-10-27", "method": "source", "sources": [ { "id": "ror", "name": "Research Organization Registry", "publisher": "ROR", "url": "https://ror.org/", "licence": "CC0-1.0", "licenceUrl": "https://ror.org/registry/" } ], "note": "ROR organisations of type facility (research institutes, laboratories, observatories)", "levelText": "city" }, { "metric": "founders_running_club", "label": "Founders Running Club", "description": "Whether the Founders Running Club, a running community for founders, lists a chapter in the city.", "value": 0, "text": "no chapter", "unit": "1 = a chapter", "period": "2026-10-27", "level": "city", "retrieved": "2026-10-27", "method": "source", "sources": [ { "id": "foundersrc", "name": "Founders Running Club communities", "publisher": "Founders Running Club", "url": "https://foundersrc.com/communities", "licence": "Public listing (facts of presence only; no licence stated)" } ], "note": "No chapter listed on https://foundersrc.com/communities", "levelText": "city" }, { "metric": "public_pools", "label": "Public swimming pools (official)", "description": "Public swimming pools, indoor and outdoor, per 100,000 residents, as reported by the city to the Eurostat Urban Audit.", "value": 6.4, "text": "6.4 per 100,000", "unit": "per 100,000", "period": "2018", "level": "city", "retrieved": "2026-11-05", "method": "source", "sources": [ { "id": "eurostat-urban", "name": "Urban Audit: cities and greater cities", "publisher": "Eurostat", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/cities/database", "licence": "Eurostat reuse with acknowledgement (Decision 2011/833/EU)", "licenceUrl": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/main/help/copyright-notice" } ], "note": "Cambridge; 8 in total", "levelText": "city" }, { "metric": "sea_km", "label": "Distance to the sea", "description": "Straight-line distance from the centre to the open-sea coast; lakes and tidal rivers do not count.", "value": 65, "text": "65 km", "unit": "km", "period": "Natural Earth 5.1", "level": "city", "retrieved": "2026-10-27", "method": "source", "sources": [ { "id": "natural-earth", "name": "Natural Earth (coastline, land, countries and populated places)", "publisher": "Natural Earth", "url": "https://www.naturalearthdata.com/", "licence": "Public domain", "licenceUrl": "https://www.naturalearthdata.com/about/terms-of-use/" } ], "note": "straight line from the centre to the open-sea coastline (lakes excluded)", "levelText": "city" }, { "metric": "mountain_km", "label": "Distance to the mountains", "description": "Straight-line distance from the centre to ground that rises 1,000 m above it; 300 means none within 300 km.", "value": 300, "text": "300 km", "unit": "km", "period": "terrain tiles 2017", "level": "city", "retrieved": "2026-10-27", "method": "source", "sources": [ { "id": "terrain-tiles", "name": "Terrain Tiles (Terrarium) on AWS Open Data", "publisher": "Mapzen / AWS Open Data", "url": "https://registry.opendata.aws/terrain-tiles/", "licence": "Public domain (USGS, NOAA) and Open Government Licence – Canada, with attribution", "licenceUrl": "https://github.com/tilezen/joerd/blob/master/docs/attribution.md" } ], "note": "no ground 1,000 m above the centre (about 13 m) within 300 km", "levelText": "city" }, { "metric": "airport_km", "label": "Nearest major airport", "description": "Straight-line distance from the centre to the nearest large airport with scheduled flights.", "value": 36, "text": "36 km", "unit": "km", "period": "2026-10-27", "level": "city", "retrieved": "2026-10-27", "method": "source", "sources": [ { "id": "ourairports", "name": "OurAirports airports", "publisher": "OurAirports", "url": "https://ourairports.com/data/", "licence": "Public domain", "licenceUrl": "https://ourairports.com/data/" } ], "note": "London Stansted Airport (STN), straight line from the centre", "levelText": "city" }, { "metric": "airports_100km", "label": "Airports within 100 km", "description": "Airports with scheduled passenger flights within 100 km of the centre.", "value": 6, "text": "6 airports", "unit": "airports", "period": "2026-10-27", "level": "city", "retrieved": "2026-10-27", "method": "source", "sources": [ { "id": "ourairports", "name": "OurAirports airports", "publisher": "OurAirports", "url": "https://ourairports.com/data/", "licence": "Public domain", "licenceUrl": "https://ourairports.com/data/" } ], "note": "STN, LTN, LCY, SEN, LHR, NWI", "levelText": "city" }, { "metric": "transit_commute_share", "label": "Commuting by public transport", "description": "Share of journeys to work made by bus, tram, metro or train.", "value": 12.4, "text": "12.4 % of commuters", "unit": "% of commuters", "period": "2011", "level": "city", "retrieved": "2026-11-05", "method": "source", "sources": [ { "id": "eurostat-urban", "name": "Urban Audit: cities and greater cities", "publisher": "Eurostat", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/cities/database", "licence": "Eurostat reuse with acknowledgement (Decision 2011/833/EU)", "licenceUrl": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/main/help/copyright-notice" } ], "note": "Cambridge", "levelText": "city" }, { "metric": "road_deaths", "label": "Road deaths", "description": "People killed in road accidents per 10,000 residents a year.", "value": 0, "text": "0.00 per 10,000", "unit": "per 10,000", "period": "2014", "level": "city", "retrieved": "2026-11-05", "method": "source", "sources": [ { "id": "eurostat-urban", "name": "Urban Audit: cities and greater cities", "publisher": "Eurostat", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/cities/database", "licence": "Eurostat reuse with acknowledgement (Decision 2011/833/EU)", "licenceUrl": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/main/help/copyright-notice" } ], "note": "Cambridge", "levelText": "city" }, { "metric": "foreign_born_share", "label": "Born abroad", "description": "Share of residents born in another country: a measure of how international the city is.", "value": 33.3, "text": "33.3 % of residents", "unit": "% of residents", "period": "2018", "level": "city", "retrieved": "2026-11-05", "method": "source", "sources": [ { "id": "eurostat-urban", "name": "Urban Audit: cities and greater cities", "publisher": "Eurostat", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/cities/database", "licence": "Eurostat reuse with acknowledgement (Decision 2011/833/EU)", "licenceUrl": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/main/help/copyright-notice" } ], "note": "Cambridge", "levelText": "city" }, { "metric": "english_share", "label": "English speakers", "description": "Share of the country's population that speaks English at any level; cities usually speak more than the national figure.", "value": 98, "text": "98 % of population", "unit": "% of population", "period": "CLDR 49", "level": "country", "retrieved": "2026-10-27", "method": "source", "sources": [ { "id": "cldr", "name": "CLDR territory information", "publisher": "Unicode Consortium", "url": "https://cldr.unicode.org/", "licence": "Unicode-3.0", "licenceUrl": "https://www.unicode.org/license.txt" } ], "note": "share of the population that speaks English, any level", "levelText": "United Kingdom-wide" }, { "metric": "english_official", "label": "English is official", "description": "Whether English is an official or de facto official language of the country.", "value": 1, "text": "yes", "unit": "1 = yes", "period": "CLDR 49", "level": "country", "retrieved": "2026-10-27", "method": "source", "sources": [ { "id": "cldr", "name": "CLDR territory information", "publisher": "Unicode Consortium", "url": "https://cldr.unicode.org/", "licence": "Unicode-3.0", "licenceUrl": "https://www.unicode.org/license.txt" } ], "note": "English is official", "levelText": "United Kingdom-wide" }, { "metric": "download_mbps", "label": "Internet speed", "description": "Typical download speed of home and mobile connections in speed tests (M-Lab NDT, one TCP stream, so lower than commercial tests); compare cities with each other.", "value": 63.7, "text": "64 Mbit/s", "unit": "Mbit/s", "period": "2023", "level": "city", "retrieved": "2026-10-27", "method": "source", "sources": [ { "id": "mlab", "name": "M-Lab NDT statistics (daily city aggregates)", "publisher": "Measurement Lab", "url": "https://www.measurementlab.net/data/", "licence": "CC0-1.0", "licenceUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/" } ], "note": "median of daily median NDT download speeds, 336 days, 115,112 tests (Cambridge, GB-ENG)", "levelText": "city" }, { "metric": "degree_share", "label": "Adults with a degree", "description": "Share of adults whose highest qualification is tertiary, a university degree or a vocational diploma above school level (ISCED levels 5 to 8), counting people aged 25 to 64 for a city or region and 25 or older for a country.", "value": 79.2, "text": "79.2 % of adults", "unit": "% of adults", "period": "2018", "level": "city", "retrieved": "2026-11-05", "method": "source", "sources": [ { "id": "eurostat-urban", "name": "Urban Audit: cities and greater cities", "publisher": "Eurostat", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/cities/database", "licence": "Eurostat reuse with acknowledgement (Decision 2011/833/EU)", "licenceUrl": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/main/help/copyright-notice" } ], "note": "Cambridge", "levelText": "city" }, { "metric": "active_commute_share", "label": "Walking or cycling to work", "description": "Share of journeys to work made mainly on foot or by bicycle.", "value": 48.8, "text": "48.8 % of commuters", "unit": "% of commuters", "period": "2011", "level": "city", "retrieved": "2026-11-05", "method": "source", "sources": [ { "id": "eurostat-urban", "name": "Urban Audit: cities and greater cities", "publisher": "Eurostat", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/cities/database", "licence": "Eurostat reuse with acknowledgement (Decision 2011/833/EU)", "licenceUrl": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/main/help/copyright-notice" } ], "note": "Cambridge; on foot 16.9%, by bicycle 31.9%", "levelText": "city" }, { "metric": "city_edge_km", "label": "Out of the dense city", "description": "Straight-line distance from the centre to the nearest edge of the dense city (the GHSL urban centre: touching 1 km squares with at least 1,500 residents per km²) in a direction that leads on over land, so roughly what a cyclist rides before the dense city gives way to suburbs, farmland, hills or a large park.", "value": 0.9, "text": "0.9 km", "unit": "km", "period": "2025", "level": "city", "retrieved": "2026-11-05", "method": "source", "sources": [ { "id": "ghsl-ucdb", "name": "GHS Urban Centre Database 2025 (R2024A), general characteristics", "publisher": "European Commission, Joint Research Centre (GHSL)", "url": "https://human-settlement.emergency.copernicus.eu/ghs_ucdb_2024.php", "licence": "CC-BY-4.0", "licenceUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" } ], "note": "Cambridge urban centre (136,064 people, 2025): nearest edge 0.9 km to the south; half the directions over land end within 2.6 km", "levelText": "city" }, { "metric": "politics_lr", "label": "Politics, left to right", "description": "An estimate of where the place voted at its latest national lower-house election (a Swiss canton, Canadian province or Australian state at its own count), on a scale from 0, left, to 10, right: each party's ParlGov position (the mean of expert surveys, or of its party family where no survey covers it), averaged by its share of the official result.", "value": 5.6, "text": "centre, 5.6 of 10", "unit": "0 to 10", "period": "2024-07-04", "level": "country", "retrieved": "2026-11-05", "method": "source", "sources": [ { "id": "politics", "name": "Political position from election results", "publisher": "Borgo contributors", "url": "https://github.com/ABCastor/borgo/blob/main/pipeline/inputs/politics.json", "licence": "CC-BY-4.0", "licenceUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" } ], "note": "Estimate from the official result of House of Commons, 4 Jul 2024, with ParlGov party positions: Labour 33.7% (4.4), Conservatives 23.7% (7.4), Reform UK 14.3% (8.7, party-family average), Liberal Democrats 12.2% (4.3), Green Party 6.4% (2.6), Scottish National Party 2.5% (3.6). Parties with a position took 96% of the vote.", "levelText": "United Kingdom-wide" }, { "metric": "abortion_law", "label": "Abortion in law", "description": "On what grounds the law allows a pregnancy to be ended: 0 not at all or only to save the woman's life, 1 also to protect her health or after rape or incest, 2 also on broad social or economic grounds, 3 on request but only in the first weeks (under 10), 4 on request to 10 weeks or later.", "value": 2, "text": "also on social or economic grounds", "unit": "0 to 4", "period": "2026-11-05", "level": "country", "retrieved": "2026-11-05", "method": "source", "sources": [ { "id": "abortion-law", "name": "Abortion in law, from the statutes cited", "publisher": "Borgo contributors", "url": "https://github.com/ABCastor/borgo/blob/main/src/fetch/rights-law.ts", "licence": "CC-BY-4.0", "licenceUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" } ], "note": "To 24 weeks when two doctors judge that continuing carries a greater risk than ending it to the woman's physical or mental health or her existing children's; later only for her life, grave permanent injury or serious fetal anomaly. Since 29 April 2026 a woman commits no offence in England and Wales for acts concerning her own pregnancy (Abortion Act 1967, s. 1 (England, Wales and Scotland); Crime and Policing Act 2026, s. 241; checked against the source linked on 2026-11-05)", "levelText": "United Kingdom-wide" }, { "metric": "doctors", "label": "Doctors", "description": "Practising physicians per 1,000 people in the country, generalists and specialists (WHO figures).", "value": 3.3, "text": "3.3 per 1,000 people", "unit": "per 1,000 people", "period": "2023", "level": "country", "retrieved": "2026-11-05", "method": "source", "sources": [ { "id": "worldbank-wdi", "name": "World Development Indicators", "publisher": "World Bank", "url": "https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators", "licence": "CC-BY-4.0", "licenceUrl": "https://datacatalog.worldbank.org/public-licenses" } ], "note": "Physicians per 1,000 people (WHO Global Health Workforce Statistics via World Bank)", "levelText": "United Kingdom-wide" }, { "metric": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment", "description": "Share of people who want work and are looking for it but have none, in the country (ILO modelled estimate).", "value": 4.7, "text": "4.7 % of the labour force", "unit": "% of the labour force", "period": "2025", "level": "country", "retrieved": "2026-11-05", "method": "source", "sources": [ { "id": "worldbank-wdi", "name": "World Development Indicators", "publisher": "World Bank", "url": "https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators", "licence": "CC-BY-4.0", "licenceUrl": "https://datacatalog.worldbank.org/public-licenses" } ], "note": "Unemployment, % of the labour force, ILO modelled estimate (via World Bank)", "levelText": "United Kingdom-wide" }, { "metric": "clean_government", "label": "Control of corruption", "description": "How far public power is kept from private gain, petty and grand corruption alike, as experts, firms and households perceive it in the country: the World Bank's governance estimate, roughly -2.5 (weak) to 2.5 (strong).", "value": 1.53, "text": "1.53 -2.5 to 2.5", "unit": "-2.5 to 2.5", "period": "2025", "level": "country", "retrieved": "2026-11-05", "method": "source", "sources": [ { "id": "worldbank-wgi", "name": "Worldwide Governance Indicators", "publisher": "World Bank", "url": "https://www.worldbank.org/en/publication/worldwide-governance-indicators", "licence": "CC-BY-4.0", "licenceUrl": "https://datacatalog.worldbank.org/search/dataset/0038026/worldwide-governance-indicators" } ], "note": "Control of corruption, governance estimate (Worldwide Governance Indicators)", "levelText": "United Kingdom-wide" }, { "metric": "same_sex_couples", "label": "Same-sex couples in law", "description": "What the law offers same-sex couples: 0 sexual relations between people of the same sex are a crime, 1 legal but national law offers no union, 2 civil union or registered partnership, 3 marriage.", "value": 3, "text": "marriage", "unit": "0 to 3", "period": "2026", "level": "country", "retrieved": "2026-11-05", "method": "source", "sources": [ { "id": "couples-law", "name": "Same-sex couples in law, from the statutes cited", "publisher": "Borgo contributors", "url": "https://github.com/ABCastor/borgo/blob/main/src/fetch/rights-law.ts", "licence": "CC-BY-4.0", "licenceUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" } ], "note": "Marriage: Marriage (Same Sex Couples) Act 2013; Marriage and Civil Partnership (Scotland) Act 2014; Northern Ireland from 13 January 2020 (S.I. 2019/1514, reg. 3) (checked against the source linked on 2026-11-05)", "levelText": "United Kingdom-wide" } ], "gaps": [ { "metric": "childcare_cost", "label": "Your childcare cost" }, { "metric": "health_premium", "label": "Health insurance premium" }, { "metric": "sunshine_hours", "label": "Sunshine" }, { "metric": "pm25", "label": "Fine dust (PM2.5)" }, { "metric": "coworking", "label": "Coworking spaces" }, { "metric": "climbing_gyms", "label": "Climbing gyms" }, { "metric": "swimming_pools", "label": "Public swimming pools" }, { "metric": "hackerspaces", "label": "Hackerspaces and makerspaces" }, { "metric": "green_space_10km", "label": "Green space" }, { "metric": "green_share", "label": "Green urban areas (official)" }, { "metric": "rail_stations", "label": "Rail and metro stations" }, { "metric": "cycle_paths_km", "label": "Cycle paths" }, { "metric": "commute_minutes", "label": "Commute time" }, { "metric": "transit_pass", "label": "Monthly transit pass" }, { "metric": "github_developers", "label": "Developers on GitHub" }, { "metric": "walkable_share", "label": "Everyday needs on foot" }, { "metric": "bike_network", "label": "Cycle network" } ], "climate": { "months": [ "Jan", "Feb", "Mar", "Apr", "May", "Jun", "Jul", "Aug", "Sep", "Oct", "Nov", "Dec" ], "tempHighC": [ 7.1, 9.5, 11.5, 13.4, 17, 21.3, 22.6, 22.8, 20.4, 16, 10.9, 8.8 ], "tempLowC": [ 1.3, 3.2, 3.8, 4.4, 8.3, 11.9, 13.7, 13.6, 11.8, 9.2, 5.5, 4.2 ], "wetDays": [ 11.4, 10.4, 12, 8.2, 13, 8.2, 12.2, 8.2, 9.4, 11.2, 10.2, 12.8 ], "daylightHours": [ 8.2, 9.78, 11.81, 13.9, 15.76, 16.75, 16.25, 14.61, 12.56, 10.47, 8.67, 7.73 ], "period": "2021-2025", "source": { "id": "open-meteo-era5", "name": "Historical weather (ERA5 reanalysis)", "publisher": "Open-Meteo, Copernicus Climate Change Service (ECMWF)", "url": "https://open-meteo.com/en/docs/historical-weather-api", "licence": "CC-BY-4.0", "licenceUrl": "https://open-meteo.com/en/license" } }, "daylight": { "shortestDayHours": 7.7, "longestDayHours": 16.77, "method": "computed from latitude" }, "takeHome": { "currency": "GBP", "year": 2026, "scope": "Employee: income tax (Scottish rates for Scottish cities), employee National Insurance class 1 category A.", "sources": [ { "label": "GOV.UK: rates and thresholds for employers 2026 to 2027", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/guidance/rates-and-thresholds-for-employers-2026-to-2027" }, { "label": "GOV.UK: income tax rates and personal allowances", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/income-tax-rates" } ], "caveats": [ "No student loan, pension salary sacrifice, marriage allowance or benefits in kind." ], "local": [], "rows": [ { "gross": 25000, "net": 21519.6, "effectiveRate": 0.139216 }, { "gross": 50000, "net": 39519.6, "effectiveRate": 0.209608 }, { "gross": 84000, "net": 59277.4, "effectiveRate": 0.29431666666666667 } ], "completeness": { "status": "complete", "missing": [], "approximations": [] } }, "freeMovement": { "citizensOf": "GB", "areas": [ { "id": "CTA", "name": "Common Travel Area", "members": [ "IE" ], "note": "British and Irish citizens may live and work in each other's country (UK-Ireland Memorandum of Understanding, 2019).", "source": { "id": "cta", "name": "Common Travel Area guidance", "publisher": "UK Government", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/common-travel-area-guidance", "licence": "Borgo's summary of the official text (CC BY 4.0)", "licenceUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" } } ] }, "defaultProfile": { "assumptions": "one person, €60,000 gross a year, a one-bedroom home, everyday spending of €1,200 a month in Lisbon scaled by each country's price level", "month": { "currency": "GBP", "gross": 50292, "net": 39726.76, "rent": 1255, "rentFigure": { "metric": "rent_1bed", "label": "Rent, one bedroom", "description": "What a one-bedroom home costs to rent each month, from official rent statistics that measure either asking rents or the rents of all tenancies, with or without utilities, as each figure's source says.", "value": 1255, "text": "£1,255 a month", "unit": "GBP/month", "period": "2026-09", "level": "city", "retrieved": "2026-10-27", "method": "source", "sources": [ { "id": "ons-pipr", "name": "Price Index of Private Rents", "publisher": "Office for National Statistics", "url": "https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/inflationandpriceindices/datasets/priceindexofprivaterentsukmonthlypricestatistics", "licence": "OGL-UK-3.0", "licenceUrl": "https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/" } ], "note": "Cambridge, average of new and existing private tenancies" }, "everyday": 1432.0433898305082, "everydayHow": "a starting guess, scaled from Lisbon: set your own", "childcare": null, "health": 53.255318198069354, "left": 570.264625304756, "missing": [], "completeness": { "status": "complete", "missing": [], "approximations": [] } } }, "observations": [ { "metric": "abortion_law", "value": 2, "period": "2026-11-05", "level": "country", "source": "abortion-law", "retrieved": "2026-11-05", "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1967/87/section/1", "note": "To 24 weeks when two doctors judge that continuing carries a greater risk than ending it to the woman's physical or mental health or her existing children's; later only for her life, grave permanent injury or serious fetal anomaly. Since 29 April 2026 a woman commits no offence in England and Wales for acts concerning her own pregnancy (Abortion Act 1967, s. 1 (England, Wales and Scotland); Crime and Policing Act 2026, s. 241; checked against the source linked on 2026-11-05)", "sourceName": "Abortion in law, from the statutes cited", "licence": "CC-BY-4.0" }, { "metric": "english_official", "value": 1, "period": "CLDR 49", "level": "country", "source": "cldr", "retrieved": "2026-10-27", "note": "English is official", "sourceName": "CLDR territory information", "licence": "Unicode-3.0" }, { "metric": "english_share", "value": 98, "period": "CLDR 49", "level": "country", "source": "cldr", "retrieved": "2026-10-27", "note": "share of the population that speaks English, any level", "sourceName": "CLDR territory information", "licence": "Unicode-3.0" }, { "metric": "same_sex_couples", "value": 3, "period": "2026", "level": "country", "source": "couples-law", "retrieved": "2026-11-05", "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2013/30/section/1", "note": "Marriage: Marriage (Same Sex Couples) Act 2013; Marriage and Civil Partnership (Scotland) Act 2014; Northern Ireland from 13 January 2020 (S.I. 2019/1514, reg. 3) (checked against the source linked on 2026-11-05)", "sourceName": "Same-sex couples in law, from the statutes cited", "licence": "CC-BY-4.0" }, { "metric": "transit_commute_share", "value": 12.4, "period": "2011", "level": "city", "note": "Cambridge", "source": "eurostat-urban", "retrieved": "2026-11-05", "sourceName": "Urban Audit: cities and greater cities", "licence": "Eurostat reuse with acknowledgement (Decision 2011/833/EU)" }, { "metric": "road_deaths", "value": 0, "period": "2014", "level": "city", "note": "Cambridge", "source": "eurostat-urban", "retrieved": "2026-11-05", "sourceName": "Urban Audit: cities and greater cities", "licence": "Eurostat reuse with acknowledgement (Decision 2011/833/EU)" }, { "metric": "foreign_born_share", "value": 33.3, "period": "2018", "level": "city", "note": "Cambridge", "source": "eurostat-urban", "retrieved": "2026-11-05", "sourceName": "Urban Audit: cities and greater cities", "licence": "Eurostat reuse with acknowledgement (Decision 2011/833/EU)" }, { "metric": "public_pools", "value": 6.4, "period": "2018", "level": "city", "note": "Cambridge; 8 in total", "source": "eurostat-urban", "retrieved": "2026-11-05", "sourceName": "Urban Audit: cities and greater cities", "licence": "Eurostat reuse with acknowledgement (Decision 2011/833/EU)" }, { "metric": "degree_share", "value": 79.2, "period": "2018", "level": "city", "note": "Cambridge", "source": "eurostat-urban", "retrieved": "2026-11-05", "sourceName": "Urban Audit: cities and greater cities", "licence": "Eurostat reuse with acknowledgement (Decision 2011/833/EU)" }, { "metric": "active_commute_share", "value": 48.8, "period": "2011", "level": "city", "note": "Cambridge; on foot 16.9%, by bicycle 31.9%", "source": "eurostat-urban", "retrieved": "2026-11-05", "sourceName": "Urban Audit: cities and greater cities", "licence": "Eurostat reuse with acknowledgement (Decision 2011/833/EU)" }, { "metric": "founders_running_club", "value": 0, "period": "2026-10-27", "level": "city", "source": "foundersrc", "retrieved": "2026-10-27", "note": "No chapter listed on https://foundersrc.com/communities", "sourceName": "Founders Running Club communities", "licence": "Public listing (facts of presence only; no licence stated)" }, { "metric": "sea_km", "value": 65, "period": "Natural Earth 5.1", "source": "natural-earth", "level": "city", "retrieved": "2026-10-27", "note": "straight line from the centre to the open-sea coastline (lakes excluded)", "sourceName": "Natural Earth (coastline, land, countries and populated places)", "licence": "Public domain" }, { "metric": "mountain_km", "value": 300, "period": "terrain tiles 2017", "source": "terrain-tiles", "level": "city", "retrieved": "2026-10-27", "note": "no ground 1,000 m above 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"https://www.gov.uk/holiday-entitlement-rights", "fetcher": "labour-law@1", "note": "5.6 weeks (28 days) a year; bank holidays may be included and are not an additional guaranteed paid entitlement (GOV.UK: holiday entitlement)", "sourceName": "Paid holiday by law, from the labour codes cited", "licence": "CC-BY-4.0" }, { "metric": "download_mbps", "value": 63.7, "period": "2023", "level": "city", "source": "mlab", "retrieved": "2026-10-27", "note": "median of daily median NDT download speeds, 336 days, 115,112 tests (Cambridge, GB-ENG)", "sourceName": "M-Lab NDT statistics (daily city aggregates)", "licence": "CC0-1.0" }, { "metric": "public_holidays", "value": 8, "period": "2026", "level": "region", "source": "nager-date", "retrieved": "2026-11-04T23:14:53.256Z", "url": "https://date.nager.at/api/v3/PublicHolidays/2026/GB", "fetcher": "nager-date@1", "note": "Public holidays on Monday to Friday in 2026, nationwide and in GB-ENG", "sourceName": "Nager.Date public holidays", "licence": "MIT" }, { "metric": "childcare_fees_1", "value": 14747, "period": "2026", "note": "Fees for one child aged 2 or 3 in full-time care, before support (OECD tax-benefit model)", "level": "country", "source": "oecd-childcare", "retrieved": "2026-11-04T23:14:47.906Z", "url": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/public/rest/data/OECD.ELS.JAI,DSD_TAXBEN_NCC@DF_NCC,1.1/GBR.NCF.XDC.AW100.C_C1+C_C2+S_C1+S_C2.Y2_3.AW67+_Z.YES.NO.NO._T+CF.A?format=csvfilewithlabels&startPeriod=2022", "fetcher": "oecd-childcare@1", "sourceName": "OECD Tax-Benefit Models: net childcare costs", "licence": "OECD terms for data (any use, with citation)" }, { "metric": "childcare_fees_2", "value": 28850, "period": "2026", "note": "Fees for two children aged 2 and 3 in full-time care, before support (OECD tax-benefit model)", "level": "country", "source": "oecd-childcare", "retrieved": "2026-11-04T23:14:47.906Z", "url": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/public/rest/data/OECD.ELS.JAI,DSD_TAXBEN_NCC@DF_NCC,1.1/GBR.NCF.XDC.AW100.C_C1+C_C2+S_C1+S_C2.Y2_3.AW67+_Z.YES.NO.NO._T+CF.A?format=csvfilewithlabels&startPeriod=2022", "fetcher": "oecd-childcare@1", "sourceName": "OECD Tax-Benefit Models: net childcare costs", "licence": "OECD terms for data (any use, with citation)" }, { "metric": "childcare_net_couple_1", "value": 2949, "period": "2026", "note": "Net cost after childcare benefits, tax breaks and other benefit changes: couple on 100% and 67% of the average wage", "level": "country", "source": "oecd-childcare", "retrieved": "2026-11-04T23:14:47.906Z", "url": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/public/rest/data/OECD.ELS.JAI,DSD_TAXBEN_NCC@DF_NCC,1.1/GBR.NCF.XDC.AW100.C_C1+C_C2+S_C1+S_C2.Y2_3.AW67+_Z.YES.NO.NO._T+CF.A?format=csvfilewithlabels&startPeriod=2022", "fetcher": "oecd-childcare@1", "sourceName": "OECD Tax-Benefit Models: net childcare costs", "licence": "OECD terms for data (any use, with citation)" }, { "metric": "childcare_net_couple_2", "value": 5770, "period": "2026", "note": "Net cost after childcare benefits, tax breaks and other benefit changes: couple on 100% and 67% of the average wage", "level": "country", "source": "oecd-childcare", "retrieved": "2026-11-04T23:14:47.906Z", "url": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/public/rest/data/OECD.ELS.JAI,DSD_TAXBEN_NCC@DF_NCC,1.1/GBR.NCF.XDC.AW100.C_C1+C_C2+S_C1+S_C2.Y2_3.AW67+_Z.YES.NO.NO._T+CF.A?format=csvfilewithlabels&startPeriod=2022", "fetcher": "oecd-childcare@1", "sourceName": "OECD Tax-Benefit Models: net childcare costs", "licence": "OECD terms for data (any use, with citation)" }, { "metric": "childcare_net_single_1", "value": 2949, "period": "2026", "note": "Net cost after childcare benefits, tax breaks and other benefit changes: single parent on the average wage", "level": "country", "source": "oecd-childcare", "retrieved": "2026-11-04T23:14:47.906Z", "url": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/public/rest/data/OECD.ELS.JAI,DSD_TAXBEN_NCC@DF_NCC,1.1/GBR.NCF.XDC.AW100.C_C1+C_C2+S_C1+S_C2.Y2_3.AW67+_Z.YES.NO.NO._T+CF.A?format=csvfilewithlabels&startPeriod=2022", "fetcher": "oecd-childcare@1", "sourceName": "OECD Tax-Benefit Models: net childcare costs", "licence": "OECD terms for data (any use, with citation)" }, { "metric": "childcare_net_single_2", "value": 5770, "period": "2026", "note": "Net cost after childcare benefits, tax breaks and other benefit changes: single parent on the average wage", "level": "country", "source": "oecd-childcare", "retrieved": "2026-11-04T23:14:47.906Z", "url": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/public/rest/data/OECD.ELS.JAI,DSD_TAXBEN_NCC@DF_NCC,1.1/GBR.NCF.XDC.AW100.C_C1+C_C2+S_C1+S_C2.Y2_3.AW67+_Z.YES.NO.NO._T+CF.A?format=csvfilewithlabels&startPeriod=2022", "fetcher": "oecd-childcare@1", "sourceName": "OECD Tax-Benefit Models: net childcare costs", "licence": "OECD terms for data (any use, with citation)" }, { "metric": "leave_mothers", "value": 11.7, "note": "Paid maternity, parental and home-care leave available to mothers, in full-rate-equivalent weeks (OECD PF2.1.A, policies in April 2025; not a current-year statutory entitlement)", "level": "country", "source": "oecd-family-db", "retrieved": "2026-11-04T23:14:51.896Z", "url": "https://webfs.oecd.org/els-com/Family_Database/PF2_1_Parental_leave_systems.xlsx", "fetcher": "oecd-family-db@1", "period": "2025", "sourceName": "OECD Family Database: parental leave systems (PF2.1)", "licence": "OECD terms for data (any use, with citation)" }, { "metric": "leave_fathers", "value": 0.4, "note": "Paid paternity leave and leave reserved for fathers, in full-rate-equivalent weeks (OECD PF2.1.B, policies in April 2025; not a current-year statutory entitlement)", "level": "country", "source": "oecd-family-db", "retrieved": "2026-11-04T23:14:51.896Z", "url": "https://webfs.oecd.org/els-com/Family_Database/PF2_1_Parental_leave_systems.xlsx", "fetcher": "oecd-family-db@1", "period": "2025", "sourceName": "OECD Family Database: parental leave systems (PF2.1)", "licence": "OECD terms for data (any use, with citation)" }, { "metric": "life_evaluation", "value": 7.45, "period": "2022", "level": "country", "source": "oecd-wellbeing", "retrieved": "2026-10-27", "note": "Average answer to how satisfied people are with their life as a whole, 0 to 10", "sourceName": "OECD Well-being Database (How's Life?)", "licence": "OECD terms for data (any use, with citation)" }, { "metric": "rent_1bed", "value": 1255, "period": "2026-09", "level": "city", "source": "ons-pipr", "retrieved": "2026-10-27", "note": "Cambridge, average of new and existing private tenancies", "sourceName": "Price Index of Private Rents", "licence": "OGL-UK-3.0" }, { "metric": "rent_3bed", "value": 1908, "period": "2026-09", "level": "city", "source": "ons-pipr", "retrieved": "2026-10-27", "note": "Cambridge, average of new and existing private tenancies", "sourceName": "Price 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ERA5 reanalysis at the city's coordinates (a grid about 25 km wide)", "sourceName": "Historical weather (ERA5 reanalysis)", "licence": "CC-BY-4.0" }, { "metric": "temp_low", "value": [ 1.3, 3.2, 3.8, 4.4, 8.3, 11.9, 13.7, 13.6, 11.8, 9.2, 5.5, 4.2 ], "period": "2021-2025", "level": "city", "source": "open-meteo-era5", "retrieved": "2026-10-28T00:17:12.192Z", "url": "https://archive-api.open-meteo.com/v1/archive?latitude=52.2&longitude=0.11667&start_date=2021-01-01&end_date=2025-12-31&timezone=auto&hourly=temperature_2m,apparent_temperature,dew_point_2m,precipitation,snowfall,cloud_cover,wind_speed_10m", "fetcher": "open-meteo-era5@3", "note": "Air temperature in the shade. ERA5 reanalysis at the city's coordinates (a grid about 25 km wide)", "sourceName": "Historical weather (ERA5 reanalysis)", "licence": "CC-BY-4.0" }, { "metric": "feels_high", "value": [ 3.2, 5.5, 7.8, 9.9, 14.9, 20, 21.5, 21.2, 18.6, 13.6, 7.9, 5.3 ], "period": "2021-2025", "level": "city", "source": "open-meteo-era5", "retrieved": "2026-10-28T00:17:12.192Z", "url": "https://archive-api.open-meteo.com/v1/archive?latitude=52.2&longitude=0.11667&start_date=2021-01-01&end_date=2025-12-31&timezone=auto&hourly=temperature_2m,apparent_temperature,dew_point_2m,precipitation,snowfall,cloud_cover,wind_speed_10m", "fetcher": "open-meteo-era5@3", "note": "Apparent temperature: air temperature adjusted for humidity, wind and sun. 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ERA5 reanalysis at the city's coordinates (a grid about 25 km wide)", "sourceName": "Historical weather (ERA5 reanalysis)", "licence": "CC-BY-4.0" }, { "metric": "temp_high_p10", "value": [ 2.7, 4.7, 7.4, 9.6, 12.9, 15.8, 18.8, 18.8, 16, 12.9, 6.2, 3.9 ], "period": "2021-2025", "level": "city", "source": "open-meteo-era5", "retrieved": "2026-10-28T00:17:12.192Z", "url": "https://archive-api.open-meteo.com/v1/archive?latitude=52.2&longitude=0.11667&start_date=2021-01-01&end_date=2025-12-31&timezone=auto&hourly=temperature_2m,apparent_temperature,dew_point_2m,precipitation,snowfall,cloud_cover,wind_speed_10m", "fetcher": "open-meteo-era5@3", "note": "Air temperature in the shade. ERA5 reanalysis at the city's coordinates (a grid about 25 km wide)", "sourceName": "Historical weather (ERA5 reanalysis)", "licence": "CC-BY-4.0" }, { "metric": "temp_high_p90", "value": [ 12.1, 13.3, 15.7, 17.3, 21.1, 26.4, 27.2, 27.2, 25.1, 19.2, 14.8, 12.7 ], "period": "2021-2025", "level": "city", "source": "open-meteo-era5", "retrieved": "2026-10-28T00:17:12.192Z", "url": "https://archive-api.open-meteo.com/v1/archive?latitude=52.2&longitude=0.11667&start_date=2021-01-01&end_date=2025-12-31&timezone=auto&hourly=temperature_2m,apparent_temperature,dew_point_2m,precipitation,snowfall,cloud_cover,wind_speed_10m", "fetcher": "open-meteo-era5@3", "note": "Air temperature in the shade. ERA5 reanalysis at the city's coordinates (a grid about 25 km wide)", "sourceName": "Historical weather (ERA5 reanalysis)", "licence": "CC-BY-4.0" }, { "metric": "temp_low_p10", "value": [ -3.3, -1.1, -1, 0.2, 5.5, 8.1, 10.9, 10.7, 7.3, 5.3, 0.4, -1.6 ], "period": "2021-2025", "level": "city", "source": "open-meteo-era5", "retrieved": "2026-10-28T00:17:12.192Z", "url": "https://archive-api.open-meteo.com/v1/archive?latitude=52.2&longitude=0.11667&start_date=2021-01-01&end_date=2025-12-31&timezone=auto&hourly=temperature_2m,apparent_temperature,dew_point_2m,precipitation,snowfall,cloud_cover,wind_speed_10m", "fetcher": "open-meteo-era5@3", "note": "Air temperature in the shade. ERA5 reanalysis at the city's coordinates (a grid about 25 km wide)", "sourceName": "Historical weather (ERA5 reanalysis)", "licence": "CC-BY-4.0" }, { "metric": "temp_low_p90", "value": [ 6.3, 7.9, 7.9, 8, 11.9, 15.3, 16.4, 16.4, 15.5, 12.7, 10, 8.8 ], "period": "2021-2025", "level": "city", "source": "open-meteo-era5", "retrieved": "2026-10-28T00:17:12.192Z", "url": "https://archive-api.open-meteo.com/v1/archive?latitude=52.2&longitude=0.11667&start_date=2021-01-01&end_date=2025-12-31&timezone=auto&hourly=temperature_2m,apparent_temperature,dew_point_2m,precipitation,snowfall,cloud_cover,wind_speed_10m", "fetcher": "open-meteo-era5@3", "note": "Air temperature in the shade. 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ERA5 reanalysis at the city's coordinates (a grid about 25 km wide)", "sourceName": "Historical weather (ERA5 reanalysis)", "licence": "CC-BY-4.0" }, { "metric": "snow_days", "value": [ 0.6, 0.8, 0.2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.4, 0.6 ], "period": "2021-2025", "level": "city", "source": "open-meteo-era5", "retrieved": "2026-10-28T00:17:12.192Z", "url": "https://archive-api.open-meteo.com/v1/archive?latitude=52.2&longitude=0.11667&start_date=2021-01-01&end_date=2025-12-31&timezone=auto&hourly=temperature_2m,apparent_temperature,dew_point_2m,precipitation,snowfall,cloud_cover,wind_speed_10m", "fetcher": "open-meteo-era5@3", "note": "Days a month on average, 2021-2025; the test is in docs/weather-scores.md. ERA5 reanalysis at the city's coordinates (a grid about 25 km wide)", "sourceName": "Historical weather (ERA5 reanalysis)", "licence": "CC-BY-4.0" }, { "metric": "windy_days", "value": [ 1.8, 2.6, 1.8, 1.6, 1, 0, 0.2, 0.2, 0.8, 1, 1.2, 2.6 ], "period": "2021-2025", "level": "city", "source": "open-meteo-era5", "retrieved": "2026-10-28T00:17:12.192Z", "url": "https://archive-api.open-meteo.com/v1/archive?latitude=52.2&longitude=0.11667&start_date=2021-01-01&end_date=2025-12-31&timezone=auto&hourly=temperature_2m,apparent_temperature,dew_point_2m,precipitation,snowfall,cloud_cover,wind_speed_10m", "fetcher": "open-meteo-era5@3", "note": "Days a month on average, 2021-2025; the test is in docs/weather-scores.md. ERA5 reanalysis at the city's coordinates (a grid about 25 km wide)", "sourceName": "Historical weather (ERA5 reanalysis)", "licence": "CC-BY-4.0" }, { "metric": "research_output", "value": 22529, "period": "2025", "level": "city", "source": "openalex", "retrieved": "2026-10-27", "note": "32,819 works by 276 institutions in Cambridge", "sourceName": "OpenAlex institutions", "licence": "CC0-1.0" }, { "metric": "builder_density", "value": 95, "period": "2025", "level": "city", "source": "openalex", "retrieved": "2026-10-27", "note": "log scale: 100 works per 100k residents = 0, 30,000 = 100", "sourceName": "OpenAlex institutions", "licence": "CC0-1.0" }, { "metric": "airport_km", "value": 36, "period": "2026-10-27", "level": "city", "source": "ourairports", "retrieved": "2026-10-27", "note": "London Stansted Airport (STN), straight line from the centre", "sourceName": "OurAirports airports", "licence": "Public domain" }, { "metric": "airports_100km", "value": 6, "period": "2026-10-27", "level": "city", "source": "ourairports", "retrieved": "2026-10-27", "note": "STN, LTN, LCY, SEN, LHR, NWI", "sourceName": "OurAirports airports", "licence": "Public domain" }, { "metric": "politics_lr", "value": 5.6, "period": "2024-07-04", "level": "country", "source": "politics", "retrieved": "2026-11-05", "url": "https://electionresults.parliament.uk/general-elections/6/political-parties", "note": "Estimate from the official result of House of Commons, 4 Jul 2024, with ParlGov party positions: Labour 33.7% (4.4), Conservatives 23.7% (7.4), Reform UK 14.3% (8.7, party-family average), Liberal Democrats 12.2% (4.3), Green Party 6.4% (2.6), Scottish National Party 2.5% (3.6). Parties with a position took 96% of the vote.", "sourceName": "Political position from election results", "licence": "CC-BY-4.0" }, { "metric": "universities", "value": 7, "period": "2026-10-27", "level": "city", "source": "ror", "retrieved": "2026-10-27", "note": "ROR organisations of type education (universities, colleges, schools of higher education)", "sourceName": "Research Organization Registry", "licence": "CC0-1.0" }, { "metric": "research_institutes", "value": 27, "period": "2026-10-27", "level": "city", "source": "ror", "retrieved": "2026-10-27", "note": "ROR organisations of type facility (research institutes, laboratories, observatories)", "sourceName": "Research Organization Registry", "licence": "CC0-1.0" }, { "metric": "degree_share", "value": 48.7, "period": "2021", "level": "country", "source": "worldbank-wdi", "retrieved": "2026-11-05", "url": "https://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/GB/indicator/SE.TER.CUAT.ST.ZS?format=json&per_page=100&date=2015:2026", "note": "At least short-cycle tertiary education, % of people aged 25 and over (UNESCO Institute for Statistics via World Bank)", "sourceName": "World Development Indicators", "licence": "CC-BY-4.0" }, { "metric": "doctors", "value": 3.3, "period": "2023", "level": "country", "source": "worldbank-wdi", "retrieved": "2026-11-05", "url": "https://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/GB/indicator/SH.MED.PHYS.ZS?format=json&per_page=100&date=2015:2026", "note": "Physicians per 1,000 people (WHO Global Health Workforce Statistics via World Bank)", "sourceName": "World Development Indicators", "licence": "CC-BY-4.0" }, { "metric": "unemployment", "value": 4.7, "period": "2025", "level": "country", "source": "worldbank-wdi", "retrieved": "2026-11-05", "url": "https://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/GB/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS?format=json&per_page=100&date=2015:2026", "note": "Unemployment, % of the labour force, ILO modelled estimate (via World Bank)", "sourceName": "World Development Indicators", "licence": "CC-BY-4.0" }, { "metric": "clean_government", "value": 1.53, "period": "2025", "level": "country", "source": "worldbank-wgi", "retrieved": "2026-11-05", "url": "https://api.worldbank.org/v2/sources/3/country/GBR/series/GOV_WGI_CC.EST/time/all?format=json&per_page=100", "note": "Control of corruption, governance estimate (Worldwide Governance Indicators)", "sourceName": "Worldwide Governance Indicators", "licence": "CC-BY-4.0" }, { "metric": "price_level", "value": 92.4, "period": "2025", "level": "country", "source": "worldbank-wdi", "retrieved": "2026-10-27", "note": "Private consumption PPP over the market exchange rate; United States = 100", "sourceName": "World Development Indicators", "licence": "CC-BY-4.0" }, { "metric": "homicide_rate", "value": 1.12, "period": "2021", "level": "country", "source": "worldbank-wdi", "retrieved": "2026-10-27", "note": "Intentional homicides per 100,000 people (UNODC via World Bank)", "sourceName": "World Development Indicators", "licence": "CC-BY-4.0" }, { "metric": "life_expectancy", "value": 81.4, "period": "2024", "level": "country", "source": "worldbank-wdi", "retrieved": "2026-10-27", "sourceName": "World Development Indicators", "licence": "CC-BY-4.0" }, { "metric": "health_oop", "value": 853, "period": "2024", "level": "country", "source": "worldbank-wdi", "retrieved": "2026-11-04", "note": "Out-of-pocket health expenditure per person, current US dollars (WHO Global Health Expenditure Database via World Bank)", "sourceName": "World Development Indicators", "licence": "CC-BY-4.0" } ], "comparisons": [ { "with": "amsterdam-nl", "page": "https://borgo.abcastor.com/compare/amsterdam-nl-vs-cambridge-gb/" }, { "with": "berlin-de", "page": "https://borgo.abcastor.com/compare/berlin-de-vs-cambridge-gb/" }, { "with": "bristol-gb", "page": "https://borgo.abcastor.com/compare/bristol-gb-vs-cambridge-gb/" }, { "with": "brussels-be", "page": "https://borgo.abcastor.com/compare/brussels-be-vs-cambridge-gb/" }, { "with": "cork-ie", "page": "https://borgo.abcastor.com/compare/cambridge-gb-vs-cork-ie/" }, { "with": "dublin-ie", "page": "https://borgo.abcastor.com/compare/cambridge-gb-vs-dublin-ie/" }, { "with": "edinburgh-gb", "page": "https://borgo.abcastor.com/compare/cambridge-gb-vs-edinburgh-gb/" }, { "with": "geneva-ch", "page": "https://borgo.abcastor.com/compare/cambridge-gb-vs-geneva-ch/" }, { "with": "london-gb", "page": "https://borgo.abcastor.com/compare/cambridge-gb-vs-london-gb/" }, { "with": "madrid-es", "page": "https://borgo.abcastor.com/compare/cambridge-gb-vs-madrid-es/" }, { "with": "manchester-gb", "page": "https://borgo.abcastor.com/compare/cambridge-gb-vs-manchester-gb/" }, { "with": "paris-fr", "page": "https://borgo.abcastor.com/compare/cambridge-gb-vs-paris-fr/" }, { "with": "porto-pt", "page": "https://borgo.abcastor.com/compare/cambridge-gb-vs-porto-pt/" }, { "with": "rome-it", "page": "https://borgo.abcastor.com/compare/cambridge-gb-vs-rome-it/" }, { "with": "rotterdam-nl", "page": "https://borgo.abcastor.com/compare/cambridge-gb-vs-rotterdam-nl/" } ], "linkOut": [ { "label": "Numbeo: cost of living in Cambridge", "url": "https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/in/Cambridge" }, { "label": "WeatherSpark: year-round weather in Cambridge", "url": "https://weatherspark.com/search?q=Cambridge" }, { "label": "Wikipedia: Cambridge", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge" } ], "cite": "Borgo, \"Living in Cambridge\", https://borgo.abcastor.com/city/cambridge-gb/, figures as of 2026-11-05. Name the original source of any figure you quote." }